ArticleArchives of virology2022
Trypsin enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection by facilitating viral entry.
Article in Archives of virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Review
- Article
- Expression of spike and hemagglutinin-esterase proteins is necessary to recover infectious recombinant bovine coronavirus.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Synergistic activation of bat SARS-like coronaviruses spike protein by elastase and TMPRSS2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Numb-associated kinases regulate sandfly-borne Toscana virus entry.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- The dual actions of miRNA16a in restricting Bovine Coronavirus replication through downregulation of Furin and enhancing the host immune response.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Porcine ex-vivo intestinal mucus has age-dependent blocking activity against transmissible gastroenteritis virus.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- An inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a Vero cell culture-adapted high-titer virus confers cross-protection in small animals.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Aprotinin (I): Understanding the Role of Host Proteases in COVID-19 and the Importance of Pharmacologically Regulating Their Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Novel high-yield potato protease inhibitor panels block a wide array of proteases involved in viral infection and crucial tissue damage.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Genetic characterization and pathogenicity in a mouse model of newly isolated bat-originated mammalian orthoreovirus in South Korea.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Review
- Structural proteins of human coronaviruses: what makes them different?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Differential laboratory passaging of SARS-CoV-2 viral stocks impacts the in vitro assessment of neutralizing antibodies.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Activation of SARS-CoV-2 by trypsin-like proteases in the clinical specimens of patients with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Oral Epithelial Cells Expressing Low or Undetectable Levels of Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Are Susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection In Vitro.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- ARF6 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infectionThe Journal of general virology · 2023Article
- In vitro evidence against productive SARS-CoV-2 infection of human testicular cells: Bystander effects of infection mediate testicular injury.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronaviruses infect cells by cytoplasmic or endosomal membrane fusion, driven by the spike (S) protein, which must be primed by proteolytic cleavage at the S1/S2 furin cleavage site (FCS) and the S2' site by cellular proteases. Exogenous trypsin as a medium additive facilitates isolation and propagation of several coronaviruses in vitro. Here, we show that trypsin enhances severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in cultured cells and that SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via either a non-endosomal or an endosomal fusion pathway, depending on the presence of trypsin. Interestingly, trypsin enabled viral entry at the cell surface and led to more efficient infection than trypsin-independent endosomal entry, suggesting that trypsin production in the target organs may trigger a high level of replication of SARS-CoV-2 and cause severe tissue injury. Extensive syncytium formation and enhanced growth kinetics were observed only in the presence of exogenous trypsin when cell-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strains were tested. During 50 serial passages without the addition of trypsin, a specific R685S mutation occurred in the S1/S2 FCS (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.