Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2022
Abstinence-contingent wage supplements to promote drug abstinence and employment: Post-intervention outcomes.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-Term Effects of Incentives for HIV Viral Suppression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2024Trial
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of abstinence contingent wage supplements.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Contingency Management for Stimulant-Opioid Co-Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of addiction medicine · 2026Article
- Utility of substance-free alternatives in treating and preventing harmful substance use: A narrative review of the translational research spectrum.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Review
- A scoping review of interventions addressing social determinants of health and their influence on opioid use disorder outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Recovery support services as part of the continuum of care for alcohol or drug use disorders.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Reward deprivation is associated with elevated alcohol demand in emerging adults.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2025Article
- Contingency management as a maintenance intervention in the long-term treatment of substance use disorders.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Situational factors affecting abstinence from drugs: Panel data analysis of patients with drug use disorders in residential drug use treatment.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSubstance use disorder, unemployment, and poverty are interrelated problems that have not been addressed adequately by existing interventions. This study evaluated post-intervention effects of abstinence-contingent wage supplements on drug abstinence and employment.
methodsUnemployed adults enrolled in opioid agonist treatment were randomly assigned to an abstinence-contingent wage supplement group (n = 44) or a usual care control group (n = 47). All participants could work with an employment specialist throughout a 12-month intervention period. Those in the abstinence-contingent wage supplement group earned stipends for working with the employment specialist and, after gaining employment, abstinence-contingent wage supplements for working in their community job but had to provide opiate- and cocaine-negative urine samples to maximize pay. To assess post-intervention effects of abstinence-contingent wage supplements and compare those effects to during-intervention effects, we analyzed urine samples and self-reports every 3 months during the 12-month intervention and the 12-month post-intervention period.
resultsDuring the intervention, abstinence-contingent wage supplement participants provided significantly more opiate- and cocaine-negative urine samples than usual care control participants; abstinence-contingent wage supplement participants were also significantly more likely to become employed and live out of poverty than usual care participants during intervention. During the post-intervention period, the abstinence-contingent wage supplement and usual care control groups had similar rates of drug abstinence, similar levels of employment, and similar proportions living out of poverty.
conclusionsLong-term delivery of abstinence-contingent wage supplements can promote drug abstinence and employment, but many patients relapse to drug use and cease employment when wage supplements are discontinued.
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