Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35077257›Full record

SynthesisTrends in hearing

Quantifying the Effects of Motivation on Listening Effort: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Peter J Carolan, Antje Heinrich, Kevin J Munro, Rebecca E Millman

Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Trends in hearing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
3.1field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Listening effort measurement by pupillometry under dual-task paradigms: the effect of auditory spectral resolution.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
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  9. Eye Movements Decrease during Effortful Speech Listening.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Peter J CarolanManchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4386-0310
Antje HeinrichManchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5940-622X
Kevin J MunroManchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6543-9098
Rebecca E MillmanManchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8606-0167
Manchester Academic Health Science Centre · GB

Funding

Department of Health
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Motivation influences the amount of listening effort (LE) exerted or experienced under challenging conditions, such as in high-noise environments. This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first to quantify the effects of motivation on LE. The review was pre-registered in PROSPERO, and performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies examined the influence of motivation or individual traits (related to motivation) on LE in adults. Motivational factors, coded as independent variables, included financial reward, evaluative threat, perceived competence, feedback, and individual traits. LE outcomes were categorized as subjective, behavioral, or physiological. The quality of evidence was assessed using an adaptation of the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Nested random-effects meta-analyses were performed to quantify and compare the influence of motivational factors across LE outcomes. After assessing 3,532 records, 48 studies met the inclusion criteria and 43 were included in the meta-analyses. Risk of bias was high, for example, many studies lacked sample size justification. Motivational factors had a small-to-medium effect (mean Cohen's

Indexed as

Listening EffortMotivationAdultHumanseffortful listeningevaluative threatfinancial rewardindividual traitsperceived competence

Identifiers

PMID35077257
PMCPMC8793127
OpenAlexW3209267906

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.