ArticleInfection2022
The rising of old foes: impact of lockdown periods on "non-SARS-CoV-2" viral respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
Article in Infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disease burden of norovirus-associated diarrhea among children under 5 years old in China: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Germany: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections in adolescents and young adults: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in a German hospital before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic - a real world monocentric analysis over ten years.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Post-pandemic shifts in pediatric respiratory pathogens and co-infection dynamics in Xi'an and surrounding areas: a large-scale retrospective study from 2021 to 2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Trends in asthma exacerbations in children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Global Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastrointestinal Infections: A Scoping Review.Foodborne pathogens and disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on childhood asthma and wheezing disorders.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2025Article
- Post-Covid-19 Symptoms in Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory tract infections during and after the pandemic of COVID-19 from 2021 - 2023 in Shenzhen, southern China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Changes in respiratory viruses in infancy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a prospective cohort study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Distinct seasonality and increased respiratory failure in RSV patients < 2 years of age after emergence of SARS-CoV-2: data from the multicentric, prospective PAPI study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Changes in Respiratory Viruses' Activity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Hospitalizations for bronchiolitis among infants before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an area-based study of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Increase in acute mastoiditis at the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- The Multifaceted Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infections in Young Children on the Family: A European Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring COVID-19-related public health non-pharmaceutical prevention measures, such as social distancing, lockdown periods and use of face masks, a decrease in viral respiratory and gastroenterological infections was observed worldwide. Following discontinuation of preventative measures, a potential increase of respective infections outside of their usual seasons was a matter of concern.
methodWe aimed to illustrate annual distribution of confirmed viral infections between 2017 and 2021 based on 32,506 clinical samples in a German pediatric tertiary care center and to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of these infections in children.
resultsWhile a decrease in overall viral infections was observed during the first and second lockdown period, an extraordinary increase in the number of viral respiratory infections, predominantly caused by human Rhino-/Enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was observed after relaxation of preventive measures. Notably, Rhino-/Enterovirus infections increased 4-fold (2020 vs. 2019) and 16-fold (2021 vs. 2019). The occurrence of RSV was observed beginning from June to August 2021 and reached an all-time record with a 25- to 50-fold increase in numbers in September and October 2021 in relation to previous pre-pandemic years (2017-2019). In contrast, for non-respiratory viruses (i.e. Rota-/Norovirus), the effect on respective seasonal patterns was only minimal compared to previous years.
conclusionThe observed increase in respiratory infections in children is worrying and is already causing hospitals to become overburdened. Enhanced vigilance will be key to face clinical challenges due to these epidemiological changes in viral disease patterns in the months to come.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.