Trial reportScientific reports2022
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 3 and 9 as biomarkers of severity in COVID-19 patients.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting mortality with machine learning & biomarkers: A cohort analysis from aerosolized β₂-agonist for treatment of acute lung injury (ALTA) trial.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-3 predicts mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a biomarker analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Respiratory research · 2023Trial
- Integrated Inflammatory, Thrombo-Inflammatory, Redox and Soluble IFNAR2 Profiling During Hospitalization for COVID-19: An Exploratory Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- DIVAS: an R package for identifying shared and individual variations of multiomics data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The extracellular matrix in inflammation and cancer.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as biomarkers of disease severity in COVID-19 patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- From Viral Recovery to Autoimmunity: A Case Report of Rheumatoid Arthritis Emergence After COVID-19.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Pulmonary fibrosis in post-COVID-19: epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a key mechanism and target for therapy.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Insight to Neglected Biomarkers in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review".Biomarker insights · 2026Review
- Genome-wide H3K4me3 profiling of circulating immune cells reveals dynamic epigenetic reprogramming during acute critical COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of hematological indices and serum metalloproteinases-2 and 9 over 1 year after moderate and severe COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated miR-omics and proteomics reveal the regulatory role of miR in protein networks associated with COVID-19 disease progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Senescent fibroblasts modulate the radiation response of neighboring epithelial cells.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Musculoskeletal Complications in COVID-19: Exploring the Role of Key Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- MMP3 at the crossroads: Linking molecular pathways to disease diagnosis and therapy.Pharmacological research · 2025Review
- Serum HDL and their subfractions are impaired in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 to Alleviate T Cell Exhaustion and Improve Sepsis Prognosis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Comparative temporal transcriptome analyses of SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants ex-vivo infection in cat lung explant culture.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Pharmacological mechanisms of probenecid for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV co-infection: findings of system pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and structure-activity relationship.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The molecular basis of the wide clinical heterogeneity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unknown. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may have a role in the lung damage and regeneration that occur in severe patients. We studied serum MMP3 and MMP9 as potential biomarkers of COVID-19 severity, in 108 hospitalized patients with different World Health Organization (WHO) severity stage and in 48 controls. At hospital admission, serum MMP3 was increased in COVID-19 patients with a significant trend along the progression of the WHO stage, while serum levels of MMP9 were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients with no correlation with disease severity. At 1 week from hospitalization, MMP3 was reduced, suggesting an early pathogenic role of the protein in lung inflammation, while MMP9 levels were further increased, indicating a late role of the protein in the inflammatory process, specifically during the repairing phase. Furthermore, serum MMP9 was positively correlated with serum interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase, and circulating neutrophils and monocytes number. In conclusion, serum MMP3 may help to early predict the severity of COVID-19 and both proteins, MMP3 and MMP9, may contribute to define severe COVID-19 patients that may benefit from a targeted therapy on MMPs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.