ArticleAIDS (London, England)2022
Rapid urine-based screening tests increase the yield of same-day tuberculosis diagnoses among patients living with advanced HIV disease.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveInvestigation of the diagnostic yield of urine-based tuberculosis (TB) screening in patients with advanced HIV disease.
designA cross-sectional screening study.
settingHIV outpatient clinics and wards at two hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa, between June 2015 and October 2017.
participantsTwo hundred and one patients living with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ T-lymphocytes <100 cells/μl) attending healthcare facilities following cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening.
interventionScreening for TB using sputum for microscopy, culture, and Xpert MTB/Rif and urine for lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and Xpert Ultra.
main outcome measuresProportion of positive results using each testing modality, sensitivity, and specificity of urine-based testing compared with culture, and survival outcomes during 6 months follow up.
resultsUrine was obtained from 177 of 181 (98%) participants and sputum from 91 (50%). Urine-based screening increased same-day diagnostic yield from 7 (4%) to 31 (17%). A positive urine test with either LAM or Xpert Ultra had 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 59-100%) for detecting culture-positive TB at any site. Patients with newly diagnosed TB on urine-based screening were initiated on treatment and did not have excess mortality compared with the remainder of the cohort.
conclusionUrine is an easily obtainable sample with utility for detecting TB in patients with advanced HIV disease. Combining urine and sputum-based screening in this population facilitates additional same-day TB diagnoses and early treatment initiation, potentially reducing the risk of TB-related mortality. Urine-based as well as sputum-based screening for TB should be integrated with CrAg screening in patients living with advanced HIV disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.