ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
CHAF1A/B mediate silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs early in infection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- NAT10/acProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- The Role of Chaf1b in Maintaining Glioma Stem Cell Stemness and Regulating Microglial Polarization.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA recruits cGAS via its histone-binding domain to escape innate immunity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Expression of HIV from a 1-LTR circular DNA in the absence of integration.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- Elevated Expression of CHAF1A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Immune Modulation.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Comparative Review on Cancer Pathology from Aberrant Histone Chaperone Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The cell biology of HIV-1 latency and rebound.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- PTEN Mediates the Silencing of Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA.Viruses · 2024Article
- A novel biomarker associated with EBV infection improves response prediction of immunotherapy in gastric cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Retroviral Genomes with Antibodies Recognizing Modified Histones and Specific Viral Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Capsid-host interactions for HIV-1 ingress.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- POLE3 is a repressor of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA required for efficient virus integration and escape from innate immune sensing.Science advances · 2023Article
- RBBP4 is an epigenetic barrier for the induced transition of pluripotent stem cells into totipotent 2C-like cells.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- A modular CRISPR screen identifies individual and combination pathways contributing to HIV-1 latency.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- HIV Preintegration Transcription and Host Antagonism.Current HIV research · 2023Article
- Epigenetic silencing by the SMC5/6 complex mediates HIV-1 latency.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
- Two lymphoid cell lines potently silence unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- Multimodal Functionalities of HIV-1 Integrase.Viruses · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early events of the retroviral life cycle are the targets of many host restriction factors that have evolved to prevent establishment of infection. Incoming retroviral DNAs are transcriptionally silenced before integration in most cell types, and efficient viral gene expression occurs only after formation of the provirus. The molecular machinery for silencing unintegrated retroviral DNAs of HIV-1 remains poorly characterized. Here, we identified the histone chaperones CHAF1A and CHAF1B as essential factors for silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs. Using RNAi-mediated knockdown (KD) of multiple histone chaperones, we found that KD of CHAF1A or CHAF1B resulted in a pronounced increase in expression of incoming viral DNAs. The function of these two proteins in silencing was independent of their interaction partner RBBP4. Viral DNA levels accumulated to significantly higher levels in CHAF1A KD cells over controls, suggesting enhanced stabilization of actively transcribed DNAs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed no major changes in histone loading onto viral DNAs in the absence of CHAF1A, but levels of the H3K9 trimethylation silencing mark were reduced. KD of the H3K9me3-binding protein HP1γ accelerated the expression of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs. While CHAF1A was critical for silencing HIV-1 DNAs, it showed no role in silencing of unintegrated retroviral DNAs of mouse leukemia virus. Our study identifies CHAF1A and CHAF1B as factors involved specifically in silencing of HIV-1 DNAs early in infection. The results suggest that these factors act by noncanonical pathways, distinct from their histone loading activities, to mediate silencing of newly synthesized HIV-1 DNAs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.