ArticleInternational immunopharmacology2022
Systemic sterile induced-co-expression of IL-12 and IL-18 drive IFN-γ-dependent activation of microglia and recruitment of MHC-II-expressing inflammatory monocytes into the brain.
Article in International immunopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Armored Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy Targets Antigen-Heterogeneous Glioma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- The IL-12 family cytokines in neurodegenerative diseases: dual roles in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Immunological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: From Inflammatory Response to Neurorepair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- HLA-DR⁺ Tumor Cells Show an Association with a Distinct Immune Microenvironment and CD8⁺ T-Cell Exhaustion in HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Role and Potential Application of IL-12 in the Immune Regulation of Tuberculosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Glial-mediated immune modulation in glaucomatous neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Alterations of the blood-brain barrier during aging.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2024Review
- Overexpression of pathogenic tau in astrocytes causes a reduction in AQP4 and GLT1, an immunosuppressed phenotype and unique transcriptional responses to repetitive mild TBI without appreciable changes in tauopathy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Microglia at the blood brain barrier in health and disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Regulation of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses and M1-M2 phenotype switch of BV2 microglia by lobetyolin.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Article
- Inflammatory hallmarks in 6-OHDA- and LPS-induced Parkinson's disease in rats.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- The Gut-Immune-Brain Axis: An Important Route for Neuropsychiatric Morbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The development of neuroinflammation, as well as the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases, has been associated with the activation and mobilization of the peripheral immune system due to systemic inflammation. However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Here, we addressed the effect of systemic sterile induced-co-expression of IL-12 and IL-18, in the establishment of a novel cytokine-mediated model of neuroinflammation. Following peripheral hydrodynamic shear of IL-12 plus IL-18 cDNAs in C57BL/6 mice, we induced systemic and persistent level of IL-12, which in turn promoted the elevation of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ, accompanied with splenomegaly. Moreover, even though we identified an increased gene expression of both TNF-α and IFN-γ in the brain, we observed that only IFN-γ, but not TNF-α signaling through its type I receptor, was required to induce both the trafficking of leukocytes from the periphery toward the brain and upregulate MHC-II in microglia and inflammatory monocytes. Therefore, only TNF-α was shown to be dispensable, revealing an IFN-γ-dependent activation of microglia and recruitment of leukocytes, particularly of highly activated inflammatory monocytes. Taken together, our results argue for a systemic cytokine-mediated establishment and development of neuroinflammation, having identified IFN-γ as a potential target for immunomodulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.