ArticlePLoS pathogens2022
Langerhans cells and cDC1s play redundant roles in mRNA-LNP induced protective anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Spatiotemporal control of STING activation and saRNA delivery decouples humoral and cellular immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Age-related differences in mRNA vaccine immunogenicity and adjuvancy.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Immunology of RNA-based vaccines: The critical interplay between inflammation and expression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Cross-Priming and Cross-Tolerance After Intramuscular mRNA Vaccination for Viral Infections: Feasibility and Implications.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Navigating the intricate in-vivo journey of lipid nanoparticles tailored for the targeted delivery of RNA therapeutics: a quality-by-design approach.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Review
- Carrier-free mRNA vaccine induces robust immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and non-human primates without systemic reactogenicity.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- The differentiation courses of the Tfh cells: a new perspective on autoimmune disease pathogenesis and treatment.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- mRNA Vaccine Nanoplatforms and Innate Immunity.Viruses · 2024Review
- mRNA vaccine designs for optimal adjuvanticity and delivery.RNA biology · 2024Review
- IL6 suppresses vaccine responses in neonates by enhancing IL2 activity on T follicular helper cells.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Lyophilization process optimization and molecular dynamics simulation of mRNA-LNPs for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccines and a perspective on Africa.Trends in immunology · 2023Review
- mRNA vaccines: a new opportunity for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Innate immune mechanisms of mRNA vaccines.Immunity · 2022Review
- Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Pre-exposure to mRNA-LNP inhibits adaptive immune responses and alters innate immune fitness in an inheritable fashion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- "Don't Look Up" Your Science-Herd Immunity or Herd Mentality?Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Single-cell suspension preparation from murine organs followingSTAR protocols · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Nucleoside modified mRNA combined with Acuitas Therapeutics' lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) has been shown to support robust humoral immune responses in many preclinical animal vaccine studies and later in humans with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We recently showed that this platform is highly inflammatory due to the LNPs' ionizable lipid component. The inflammatory property is key to support the development of potent humoral immune responses. However, the mechanism by which this platform drives T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and humoral immune responses remains unknown. Here we show that lack of Langerhans cells or cDC1s neither significantly affected the induction of PR8 HA and SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific Tfh cells and humoral immune responses, nor susceptibility towards the lethal challenge of influenza and SARS-CoV-2. However, the combined deletion of these two DC subsets led to a significant decrease in the induction of PR8 HA and SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific Tfh cell and humoral immune responses. Despite these observed defects, these mice remained protected from lethal influenza and SARS-CoV-2 challenges. We further found that IL-6, unlike neutrophils, was required to generate normal Tfh cells and antibody responses, but not for protection from influenza challenge. In summary, here we bring evidence that the mRNA-LNP platform can support the induction of protective immune responses in the absence of certain innate immune cells and cytokines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.