ArticlePloS one
Expression of pyrethroid metabolizing P450 enzymes characterizes highly resistant Anopheles vector species targeted by successful deployment of PBO-treated bednets in Tanzania.
Article in PloS one. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02288637 (Evaluation of a Novel Long Lasting Insecticidal Net and Indoor Residual Spray Product, Separately and Together, Against Malaria Transmitted by Pyrethroid Resistant Mosquitoes.), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of a Novel Long Lasting Insecticidal Net and Indoor Residual Spray Product, Separately and Together, Against Malaria Transmitted by Pyrethroid Resistant Mosquitoes.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Efficacy of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets for Malaria Control in Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Baseline malaria burden and pyrethroid resistance in Muheza, Tanzania informing a cluster randomized trial of the 3D window screens.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Disposal practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets, toxicity of the discarded nets and its potential implication on the development of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Southern Ghana.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- A Non-Inferiority Evaluation of YAHE 4.0, an Alphacypermethrin-PBO Insecticide-Treated Net Against Pyrethroid ResistantTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Pyrethroid susceptibility and resistance patterns in Anopheles gambiae populations from Rwanda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and genotypic insecticide resistance profiles of main malaria vectors in Kwale county, coastal Kenya.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Evaluating the potential of Kalanchoe pinnata, Piper amalago amalago, and other botanicals as economical insecticidal synergists against Anopheles gambiae.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.s. against commonly used insecticides and implication of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in resistance to pyrethroids in Lambaréné (Gabon).BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Phenotypic evidence of deltamethrin resistance and identification of selective sweeps in Anopheles mosquitoes on the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Genetic markers associated with the widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector Anopheles funestus populations across Tanzania.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Level of involvement of four selected cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in pyrethroid-resistantCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- IsCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of Pyrethroid Plus Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist-Treated Nets on Malaria Incidence 24 Months after a National Distribution Campaign in Rwanda.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Observational
- Advances in the genetic characterization of the malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, and implications for improved surveillance and control.Malaria journal · 2023Review
- Widespread occurrence of copy number variants and fixation of pyrethroid target site resistance inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Genetic Diversity of Cytochrome P450sGenes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Long lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are a proven tool to reduce malaria transmission, but in Africa efficacy is being reduced by pyrethroid resistance in the major vectors. A previous study that was conducted in Muleba district, Tanzania indicated possible involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in a pyrethroid resistance in An. gambiae population where pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) followed by permethrin exposure in CDC bottle bioassays led to partial restoration of susceptibility. PBO is a synergist that can block pyrethroid-metabolizing enzymes in a mosquito. Insecticide resistance profiles and underlying mechanisms were investigated in Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus from Muleba during a cluster randomized trial. Diagnostic dose bioassays using permethrin, together with intensity assays, suggest pyrethroid resistance that is both strong and very common, but not extreme. Transcriptomic analysis found multiple P450 genes over expressed including CYP6M2, CYP6Z3, CYP6P3, CYP6P4, CYP6AA1 and CYP9K1 in An. gambiae and CYP6N1, CYP6M7, CYP6M1 and CYP6Z1 in An. funestus. Indeed, very similar suites of P450 enzymes commonly associated with resistant populations elsewhere in Africa were detected as over expressed suggesting a convergence of mechanisms across Sub-Saharan African malaria vectors. The findings give insight into factors that may correlate with pyrethroid PBO LLIN success, broadly supporting model predictions, but revision to guidelines previously issued by the World Health Organization is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.