ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2022
Carditis After COVID-19 Vaccination With a Messenger RNA Vaccine and an Inactivated Virus Vaccine : A Case-Control Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Minimum Data Set and Metadata for Active Vaccine Safety Surveillance: Systematic Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Pooled it
- A landscape on disorders following different COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review of Iranian case reports.European journal of medical research · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of myocarditis and pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19-vaccinated and unvaccinated populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccine induced myocarditis in young males: A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccination and carditis in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 : A Target Trial Emulation Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2023Trial
- Optimal blood pressure target in patients with uncomplicated hypertension: a target trial emulation study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Development and validation of age-specific predictive models on the risk of post-acute mortality within 1 year of COVID-19 infection.QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians · 2026Article
- Examining valproate's potential anticancer effect among patients with bipolar disorder: a territory-wide active-comparator new user study spanning two decades.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Comprehensive and translational pathobiology of COVID-19 based on cellular and molecular techniques.Practical laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- Post-acute sequelae of hospitalised COVID-19 re-infection compared with hospitalised first-time infection: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Hong Kong.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Research progress in vaccination during pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Exploring ceRNA mechanisms in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis: implications for future vaccine design.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Rare but elevated incidence of hematological malignancy after clozapine use in schizophrenia: A population cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in cancer patients: Two cohorts in UK and Hong Kong.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Tixagevimab-Cilgavimab: A Target Trial Emulation Study.Drug safety · 2024Article
- Evaluating the impact of extended dosing intervals on mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in adolescents.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluating the impact of extended dosing intervals on mRNA COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in adolescents.Research square · 2024Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCase reports of carditis after BNT162b2 vaccination are accruing worldwide.
objectiveTo examine the association of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac (Sinovac) vaccination with carditis.
designCase-control study with hospital control participants.
settingTerritory-wide, public health care database with linkage to population-based vaccination records in Hong Kong. PATIENTS: Inpatients aged 12 years or older first diagnosed with carditis were selected as case patients. All other hospitalized patients without carditis were treated as control participants. Ten control participants were randomly matched with each case patient by age, sex, and admission date.
interventionVaccination with BNT162b2 or CoronaVac. MEASUREMENTS: Incident diagnosis of carditis based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and elevated troponin levels.
resultsA total of 160 case patients and 1533 control participants were included. Incidence of carditis per 100 000 doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 administered was estimated to be 0.31 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.66) and 0.57 (CI, 0.36 to 0.90), respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that recipients of the BNT162b2 vaccine had higher odds of carditis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.57 [CI, 1.93 to 6.60]) than unvaccinated persons. Stratified by sex, the OR was 4.68 (CI, 2.25 to 9.71) for males and 2.22 (CI, 0.57 to 8.69) for females receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. The ORs for adults and adolescents receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine were 2.41 (CI, 1.18 to 4.90) and 13.79 (CI, 2.86 to 110.38), respectively. Subanalysis showed an OR of 9.29 (CI, 3.94 to 21.91) for myocarditis and 1.06 (CI, 0.35 to 3.22) for pericarditis associated with BNT162b2. The risk was mainly seen after the second dose of BNT162b2 rather than the first. No association between CoronaVac and carditis with a magnitude similar to that for BNT162b2 was seen. LIMITATION: Limited sample size, absence of electrocardiography and other clinical investigative data, and unrecorded overseas vaccination exposure.
conclusionDespite a low absolute risk, there is an increased risk for carditis associated with BNT162b2 vaccination. This elevated risk should be weighed against the benefits of vaccination. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Health and Medical Research Fund.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.