Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35072750›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2022

The role of retinal imaging in the management of abusive head trauma cases.

Antonio Oliva, Simone Grassi, Francesca Cazzato, Sayena Jabbehdari, Lorenzo Mensi, Giulia Amorelli, Lorenzo Orazi, Vincenzo Arena, Domenico Lepore

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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Sentinel injuries in child abuse: a multidisciplinary approach.International journal of legal medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Antonio Oliva *Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Simone Grassi *Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. simone.grassi@unicatt.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2420-6658
Francesca CazzatoDepartment of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Sayena JabbehdariJones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Lorenzo MensiOphthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Giulia AmorelliOphthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Lorenzo OraziOphthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Vincenzo ArenaArea of Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Domenico LeporeOphthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic · ITUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · ITUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs retinal hemorrhage (RH) is the most frequent and reliable finding of abusive head trauma (AHT), an ophthalmology consultation should be systematically required in suspected cases. Full retinal examination through pharmacologically dilated pupil can detect the type and pattern of RHs, helping to distinguish abusive from non-abusive head trauma.

methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a case series of 6 infants (aged 0.6-10 months) with AHT who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS in Rome with severe intracranial hemorrhages. Children underwent full multidisciplinary assessment including dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and digital wide-field fundus photography (DWFFP - in our case RetCam). In our paper we report the clinical presentation, the ocular findings and outcome at discharge.

resultsThe mean age at the hospital admission was 6.28 months. In all infants, intracranial hemorrhages were found. Preretinal and intraretinal hemorrhages were detected, collecting good-quality retinal images.

conclusionsImaging of retinal hemorrhages represents a fundamental moment of AHT diagnosis and documentation. Although RetCam is the gold standard for the acquisition of retinal images in suspected cases, OCT is extremely valuable in forensic evaluation since it can detect even small macular hemorrhages. Therefore, the combination of RetCam and OCT imaging can give relevant hints for the diagnosis of AHT, allowing to evaluate the extent, spread and morphology of RHs.

Indexed as

Child AbuseCraniocerebral TraumaChildHumansInfantIntracranial HemorrhagesRetinal HemorrhageRetrospective StudiesAbusive head traumaOptical coherence tomographyRetinal imagingWide-field fundus photography

Identifiers

PMID35072750
OpenAlexW4207070830

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.