ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2022
Divergent prognostic effects of pre-existing and treatment-emergent thyroid dysfunction in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related thyroid dysfunction: influencing factor analysis, prediction model development, and management strategy proposal.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Pooled it
- The role of hormonal and nutritional biomarkers in predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy: current limitations and future prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Associations between Immune-related Adverse Events and Prognosis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- Baseline thyroid function and treatment-emergent thyroid dysfunction predict pathological response and survival after neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor plus platinum-based chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Best practices in the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Clinical manifestations and risk factors of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a case-control study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pre-existing subclinical hypothyroidism and low free thyroxine in patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies is a risk factor for overt hypothyroidism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
- Correlation of safety and efficacy of atezolizumab therapy across indications.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Frequency and characteristics of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma treated with adjuvant PD-1 inhibitors: a national cohort study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- The Combined Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors on Thyroid Function.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Article
- Immune-related thyroid dysfunction as a positive prognostic factor for patients with lung cancer in China: a real-world retrospective study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Achilles' Heel of currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors: immune related adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- [Correlation Analysis between Thyroid Function Abnormality and Efficacy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer after Immunotherapy].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2023Article
- Detection and evaluation of signals for immune-related adverse events: a nationwide, population-based study.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Endocrine side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Review
- Durvalumab-induced thyroiditis in a patient with non-small cell lung carcinoma: a case report and review of pathogenic mechanisms.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Pseudoprogression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with combination chemoimmunotherapy: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThyroid dysfunction is among the most common autoimmune diseases and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced immune-related adverse events (irAE). We determined the association between longitudinal thyroid function and clinical outcomes in patients treated with ICI.
methodsWe identified all patients treated with ICI at UT Southwestern Medical Center from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2020. We defined normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels according to institutional reference range. We defined clinical thyroid dysfunction using established criteria incorporating labs and treatment. We determined the association between thyroid function and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.
resultsA total of 1781 patients were included in analyses, of whom 381 (21%) had abnormal baseline TSH. Patients with abnormal baseline TSH were more likely to be female, have kidney cancer, and initiate levothyroxine after ICI initiation (all P < 0.001). Patients with abnormal baseline TSH had inferior OS (median 16 vs 27 months; P < 0.001). Among patients with normal baseline TSH, those who had abnormal TSH after ICI initiation had improved OS (median 41 vs 22 months; P < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox model, abnormal baseline TSH was associated with worse OS (HR 1.62; 95% CI, 1.30-2.02; P < 0.001), while initiation of levothyroxine after ICI initiation was associated with improved OS (HR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88; P = 0.008).
conclusionsICI-induced thyroid dysfunction is associated with improved survival, although abnormal TSH prior to ICI initiation is associated with inferior survival. PRECIS: Thyroid abnormalities occur commonly in the general population and as immunotherapy toxicities. We found that immunotherapy-induced thyroid dysfunction is associated with better survival, but pre-existing thyroid abnormalities convey worse outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.