ArticleTranslational vision science & technology2022
Prolonged Retrobulbar Local Anesthesia of the Cornea Does Not Cause Keratopathy in Mice.
Article in Translational vision science & technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Chemistry and Biology of the Tetrodotoxin Natural Product Family.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Review
- Tetrodotoxin Delivery Pen Safely Uses Potent Natural Neurotoxin to Manage Severe Cutaneous Pain.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Exosomal Bupivacaine: Integrating Nerve Barrier Penetration Capability and Sustained Drug Release for Enhanced Potency in Peripheral Nerve Block and Reduced Toxicity.Advanced functional materials · 2024Article
- Galacturonic acid-capsaicin prodrug for prolonged nociceptive-selective nerve blockade.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2024Article
- Establishing a Mouse Model of Chlorpromazine-Induced Corneal Trigeminal Denervation.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Different methods of synthesizing poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS): A review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Prolonged local anesthesia (PLA) of the cornea is currently assumed to cause neurotrophic keratitis and is strongly discouraged. We investigate whether PLA of the cornea per se causes neurotrophic keratitis. Methods: PLA of the cornea was induced in 12 female albino BALB/c mice by retrobulbar injection of a polymeric prodrug (PGS-TTX) where the site 1 sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) was slowly released from the polymer polyglycerol sebacate. The duration and depth of corneal anesthesia was monitored by the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Corneal injury from PLA was assessed by slit lamp examination with 2% sodium fluorescein dye, histology, corneal nerve density by immunohistochemistry with anti-β III tubulin antibody and confocal microscopy, and corneal neurotrophin levels (substance P and neurokinin A) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PLA was also induced by topical amitriptyline (80 mM), used as a positive control for local anesthetic-induced corneal injury. Frequent ocular lubrication was provided. Results: Retrobulbar PGS-TTX resulted in complete corneal anesthesia lasting 50.1 ± 3.6 hours and mean time to complete resolution of block of 55.1 ± 3.6 hours with no keratopathy provided lubrication was provided. Topical 80 mM amitriptyline induced complete corneal anesthesia for 24 hours and developed keratopathy. There was no difference in the histology, levels of corneal neurotrophins, and corneal nerve density between the retrobulbar PGS-TTX group and normal cornea. Conclusions: In the absence of topical toxicity or corneal exposure, PLA of the cornea per se does not cause keratitis. Translational Relevance: PLA of the cornea could be highly beneficial in acute and chronic painful corneal conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.