ArticleAesthetic surgery journal. Open forum2022
BreastGAN: Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Breast Augmentation Simulation.
Article in Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Technological Integration in Aesthetic Practice: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Reality and Robotics in Cosmetic Procedures.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Surgery in Lymphedema: A Scoping Review of Current Applications, Clinical Translation, and Evidence Gaps.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Patient Perspective on Preoperative Simulation in Plastic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Patient-Reported Outcomes.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Preoperative 3-dimensional Simulation in Aesthetic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Esthetics: Redefining Precision and Beauty in Plastic Surgery.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence in breast surgery: Current applications, challenges, and future perspectives.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Review
- Evaluating Surgical Results in Breast Cancer with Artificial Intelligence.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Reconstructive Microsurgery.Seminars in plastic surgery · 2025Review
- AI-Based Facial Analysis vs Self-Report: A Pilot Study Using Insights From Pre-Procedural Psychological Tests.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Microsurgical Planning: A Five-Year Leap in Clinical Translation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Surgical Decision-Making: An Updated and Comprehensive Overview of Precision and Personalization in Current Evidence.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
- Turn Your Vision into Reality-AI-Powered Pre-operative Outcome Simulation in Rhinoplasty Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Billing Practices and Clinical Plastic Surgery.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Aesthetically Ideal Breasts Created With Artificial Intelligence: Validating the Literature, Racial Differences, and Deep Fakes.Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum · 2024Article
- Diagnosing lagophthalmos using artificial intelligence.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Objective Assessment of Aesthetic Endpoints in Plastic Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Review
- Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools in Cosmetic Surgery: A Study on Rhinoplasty, Facelifts, and Blepharoplasty Procedures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Advancement of Breast Surgery and Implications for Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Application possibilities of artificial intelligence in facial vascularized composite allotransplantation-a narrative review.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundManaging patient expectations is important to ensuring patient satisfaction in aesthetic medicine. To this end, computer technology developed to photograph, digitize, and manipulate three-dimensional (3D) objects has been applied to the female breast. However, the systems remain complex, physically cumbersome, and extremely expensive.
objectivesThe authors of the current study wish to introduce the plastic surgery community to BreastGAN, a portable, artificial intelligence (AI)-equipped tool trained on real clinical images to simulate breast augmentation outcomes.
methodsCharts of all patients who underwent bilateral breast augmentation performed by the senior author were retrieved and analyzed. Frontal before and after images were collected from each patient's chart, cropped in a standardized fashion, and used to train a neural network designed to manipulate before images to simulate a surgical result. AI-generated frontal after images were then compared with the real surgical results.
resultsStandardizing the evaluation of surgical results is a timeless challenge which persists in the context of AI-synthesized after images. In this study, AI-generated images were comparable to real surgical results.
conclusionsThis study features a portable, cost-effective neural network trained on real clinical images and designed to simulate surgical results following bilateral breast augmentation. Tools trained on a larger dataset of standardized surgical image pairs will be the subject of future studies.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.