ArticleSSM - population health2022
Occupational cognitive stimulation, socioeconomic status, and cognitive functioning in young adulthood.
Article in SSM - population health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Add Health becomes an aging study: conceptualization, history and Wave VI design, response, and descriptive health data.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Cognitive dispersion in established adulthood: etiology and implications for cognitive aging.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- Association Between Precarious Employment and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study of Middle-Aged and Older Workers in Korea.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- The effect of periodontal status in the associations between socioeconomic status and cognitive performance: a mediation analysis in older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- An Early and Unequal Decline: Life Course Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in the United States.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- The absence of formal work experience may affect the rate of cognitive decline in older adult women: findings from the health and retirement study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOccupational characteristics are associated with late-life cognition. However, little is known about the association between occupational factors and cognition in early adulthood, especially when controlling for early life socioeconomic status (SES) and cognition in childhood. Importantly, sex may shape the impact of occupational characteristics that provide cognitive stimulation given that education, occupational status, and workplace experiences differ by sex.
methodsUsing data on 12,129 participants ages 24-32 from the U.S.-based National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we investigated the association between four factors of occupational cognitive stimulation (repetition, freedom, analytic skills, and social interaction) and young-adult episodic and working memory independent of childhood and young-adult SES, using linear regression. We adjusted for confounding due to sex, race/ethnicity, age, childhood cognition, and education. We further investigated effect measure modification of this association by sex in stratified regression models.
resultsOverall, 1-unit increases in both occupational analytic skills and social interaction were significantly associated with 0.101 (95%CI: 0.28, 0.173) and 0.096 (95%CI: 0.032, 0.160) SD higher memory, respectively. However, when sex-stratified, among men, a 1-unit increase on the social interaction scale was associated with 0.16 (95%CI: 0.05, 0.27) SD higher memory, while there was no association among women.
conclusionOur results indicate that even in adulthood, activities that stimulate the mind can contribute to improved cognitive function, and the most beneficial forms of occupational stimulation are those that use analytic skills and involve social interaction (particularly among young men).
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