ArticleOpen veterinary journal
Analysis of risk factors for canine mast cell tumors based on the Kiupel and Patnaik grading system among dogs with skin tumors.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcome of dogs with low- and high-grade mast cell tumors treated with electrochemotherapy.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- The microenvironment in canine mast cell tumors: association between tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia and histological grade.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Every Tumour Counts: A Comprehensive Overview of Canine Oncology in Portugal.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Large-scale epidemiological and diagnostic assessment of canine cytology in Portugal: insights from 12,671 retrospective cases.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Preputial and scrotal cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs show no evidence of inherently higher biologic malignancy.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Histopathological features of subcutaneous and cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Canine mast cell tumors: When to worry about aggressive behavior pre-surgically.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2022Article
- Mutations in Exons 8 and 11 ofVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSkin tumors are the most frequently diagnosed lesions, of which 7%-21% are mast cell tumors (MCTs). There is a great effort to identify factors that can influence the prospective course of MCTs. Although, the histological grade is considering an important predictor helping to determine the malignancy and metastatic potential of MCTs.
aimIn this study, an epidemiological analysis of risk factors (breed, age, sex, and anatomical site) for dogs having MCTs was evaluated considering the respective MCTs histological grade in comparison to other skin tumors.
methodsThe study included 244 dogs affected by cutaneous MCTs from a universe of 1,185 dogs diagnosed with skin tumors. A univariable analysis with Fisher exact test was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsBoxers had a higher predisposition to Patnaik's grade I (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 2.648-13.152) and to Kiupel's low-grade MCTs (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.539-4.447). Labrador retrievers (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.423-3.184), and pugs (OR = 12.9, 95% CI 2.336-70.931) had a predisposition for Patnaik's grade II MCTs and Kiupel's low-grade lesions (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.478-3.597; OR = 17.1, 95% CI 3.093-94.377, respectively). French bulldogs had a higher risk to grade III MCTs (OR = 7.9, 95% CI 2.381-26.072). Pit bulls had a predisposition to grade III MCTs and Kiupel's high-grade tumors (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 1.221-16.1 and OR = 4.962, 95% CI 1.362-18.077, respectively). Bull terriers (OR = 12.7, 95% CI 2.098-76.818) presented higher risk for having low-grade MCTs. The perigenital area and trunk exhibit a greater risk for high grading lesion (OR = 6.6, 95% CI 2.679-16.334; OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.028-3.395, respectively) and the limbs had a predisposition to grade II tumor (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.134-2.395). A decreased risk of having MCT was seen in older dogs (from 7-10 years to 11-18 years) compared to that in the reference group (4-6 years).
conclusionWhen comparing to canine skin tumors, this study showed a relationship between MCT histological grading and the risk factors, age, breed, and topography of canine MCTs. The variations noted in the clinical presentation of MCTs amongst predisposed dog breeds reinforces the relevance of the genetic background in MCTs carcinogenesis.
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