Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35070093›Full record

ArticleJournal of graduate medical education2021

Transformative Learning in Graduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review.

Benjamin Vipler, Amy Knehans, Daniel Rausa, Paul Haidet, Jennifer McCall-Hosenfeld

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of graduate medical education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Life in the slow lane: reflective practice in postgraduate Emergency Medicine training in South Africa.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Exploring poems of intersectionality in the disorientation of interprofessional learning.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Utilizing transformative learning theory to enhance professional identity formation.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Anger De-escalation: A Standardized Patient Workshop for Third- and Fourth-Year Medical Students.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Benjamin Vipleris a Hospitalist, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, and Assistant Professor, University of Colorado School of Medicine.
Amy Knehans, is Associate Librarian, George T. Harrell Health Sciences Library, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center.
Daniel Rausais General Internist, Directorate for Primary Care, Captain James A. Lovell Federal Health Care Center, and Clinical Instructor, Department of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science.
Paul Haidetis General Internist, Division of General Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Public Health Sciences, and Humanities, Penn State College of Medicine.
Jennifer McCall-Hosenfeldis General Internist, Division of General Internal Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and Associate Dean for Faculty and Professional Development, Associate Professor of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTransformative learning (TL) is an educational theory focused on deep fundamental shifts in an individual's worldview. Such shifts are well known to occur within graduate medical education (GME). However, TL in GME has yet to be formally explored.

objectiveWe performed a scoping review of the literature on TL within GME to identify areas where trainees currently experience or have potential to experience TL, and to explore areas where fostering TL has been used as a pedagogical tool.

methodsIn January 2020, we searched 7 databases to identify literature on TL in GME. Additional articles were identified by hand-searching the

resultsA total of 956 articles were identified through database search with 3 unique articles found via hand-searching. Abstracts and manuscripts were screened by 2 authors and disagreements arbitrated by a third, yielding 28 articles for our analysis. The main components of TL (disorienting dilemma, reflection, discourse, action) took various forms. TL was closely linked with professionalism training and professional identity formation. Training programs in primary care fields were most frequently referenced. Often, trainees were experiencing TL without recognition of the theory by their educators. Gaps in the graduate medical education literature exist pertaining to TL in venues such as diversity, equity, and inclusion.

conclusionsOur scoping review uncovered the following themes: TL and professionalism, TL and primary care, and TL by other names. TL is likely occurring but going unrecognized in some settings.

Indexed as

Internship and ResidencyCurriculumEducation, Medical, GraduateHumansLearningProfessionalism

Identifiers

PMID35070093
PMCPMC8672835

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.