ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Dynamics of Macrophage, T and B Cell Infiltration Within Pulmonary Granulomas Induced by
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis in Pregnancy: Challenges of Immune Protection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Review
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- CCR6 is essential for effective immunity againstInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Host-directed broad-spectrum immunotherapeutic strategy for respiratory infections: Heat-killed Caulobacter crescentus (HKCC) as an innate-immune based biotherapeutic/postbiotic.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Spatial and temporal immune landscapes of non-necrotic granulomas in two murine tuberculosis models with divergent disease outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- B cells inhibit IL-1 family cytokine production and Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in human CD14+ cells.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Article
- Review
- Unravelling the transcriptome of the human tuberculosis lesion and its clinical implications.Nature communications · 2025Article
- PET imaging of mycobacterial infection: transforming the pipeline for tuberculosis drug development.Npj imaging · 2025Review
- Building Spatiotemporal Understanding ofACS infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Spatial Patterning Analysis of Cellular Ensembles (SPACE) finds complex spatial organization at the cell and tissue levels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Histological and immunohistochemical characterization of granulomas in alpacas (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Identification ofAnnals of medicine · 2024Article
- Immune correlates of protection as a game changer in tuberculosis vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- B Cell and Antibody Responses in Bovine Tuberculosis.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Agent-based model predicts that layered structure and 3D movement work synergistically to reduce bacterial load in 3D in vitro models of tuberculosis granuloma.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Spatial Patterning Analysis of Cellular Ensembles (SPACE) discovers complex spatial organization at the cell and tissue levels.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Characterizing the immune response toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- In silico agent-based modeling approach to characterize multiple in vitro tuberculosis infection models.PloS one · 2024Article
- Understanding the development of tuberculous granulomas: insights into host protection and pathogenesis, a review in humans and animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Non-human primate models of Tuberculosis (TB) are one of the most commonly used within the experimental TB field because they closely mimic the whole spectrum of disease progression of human TB. However, the early cellular interactions of the pulmonary granuloma are still not well understood. The use of this model allows investigation into the early interactions of cells within pulmonary granulomas which cannot be undertaken in human samples. Pulmonary granulomas from rhesus and cynomolgus macaques from two timepoints post infection were categorised into categories 1 - 6 (early to late stage granulomas) and immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD68+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were also quantified. At week four post infection, cynomolgus macaques were found to have more CD68+ cells than rhesus in all but category 1 granulomas. Cynomolgus also had a significantly higher percentage of CD20+ B cells in category 1 granulomas. At week twelve post infection, CD68+ cells were most abundant in category 4 and 5 granulomas in both species; however, there were no significant differences between them. CD3+ T cells and CD20+ B cells were significantly higher in the majority of granuloma categories in cynomolgus compared to rhesus. Multinucleated giant cells and acid-fast bacilli were most abundant in categories 5 and 6 at week 12 post challenge in both species. This study has identified the basic cellular composition and spatial distribution of immune cells within pulmonary granulomas in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques over time. The data from this study will add to the knowledge already gained in this field and may inform future research on vaccines and therapeutics for TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.