ReviewExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)2022
Metformin and retinal diseases in preclinical and clinical studies: Insights and review of literature.
Review in Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential protective associations of antidiabetic and lipid-lowering therapies with retinal vein occlusion risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Article
- Metformin Alone and in Combinations Alter the Methylation Patterns ofEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Metformin in Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Physical Function: Positive or Negative Correlation?International journal of endocrinology · 2026Article
- Metformin and the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Polyphenol-based self-assembled nanoparticles treating uveitis by inflammation-oxidative stress suppression.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Review
- Metformin inhibits subretinal fibrosis by activating Klotho by miR-126-5p.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Metabolomic biomarkers in vitreous humor: unveiling the molecular landscape of diabetic retinopathy progression.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Article
- Intravitreal Metformin Protects Against Choroidal Neovascularization and Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin in the Prevention of Inflammatory Complications and Infectious Diseases Including COVID-19: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Fasting and Glucose Metabolism Differentially Impact Peripheral Inflammation in Human Type 2 Diabetes.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Revolutionary drug repositioning: the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs in age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Cell-cell interaction in the pathogenesis of inherited retinal diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Article
- Models and Algorithms for the Refinement of Therapeutic Approaches for Retinal Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Is Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Use Metformin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases: A Balancing Act.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Dose-response association of metformin use and risk of age-related macular degeneration among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- METformin for the MINimization of Geographic Atrophy Progression (METforMIN): A Randomized Trial.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most prescribed drugs in the world giving potential health benefits beyond that of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Emerging evidence suggests that it may have protective effects for retinal/posterior segment diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), inherited retinal degeneration such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and uveitis. Metformin exerts potent anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidative effects on the retina in response to pathologic stressors. In this review, we highlight the broad mechanism of action of metformin through key preclinical studies on animal models and cell lines used to simulate human retinal disease. We then explore the sparse but promising retrospective clinical data on metformin's potential protective role in DR, AMD, POAG, and uveitis. Prospective clinical data is needed to clarify metformin's role in management of posterior segment disorders. However, given metformin's proven broad biochemical effects, favorable safety profile, relatively low cost, and promising data to date, it may represent a new therapeutic preventive and strategy for retinal diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.