ArticleFood and environmental virology2022
Detection and Sequencing of Multiple Human Norovirus Genotypes from Imported Frozen Raspberries Linked to Outbreaks in the Province of Quebec, Canada, in 2017.
Article in Food and environmental virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occurrence of Human Enteric Viruses in Retail Mussels Marketed in Burgos, Spain.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Rotavirus Outbreak Traced in Clinical, Environmental, and Food Matrices: Whole Genomic Characterization of an Equine-like G3P[8] Genotype.Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Infectivity and qRT-PCR Values for Murine Norovirus Recovered from Frozen Berries.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Detection of Norovirus from Berries in Serbia by Digital PCR and NGS.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Traceback and Testing of Food Epidemiologically Linked to a Norovirus Outbreak at a Wedding Reception.Journal of food protection · 2025Article
- Foodborne acute gastroenteritis outbreak associated with a rare norovirus recombinant GII.10[P16] genotype, Brazil, 2023.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Confirmatory Methods on RT-qPCR Results for the Detection of Foodborne Viruses in Frozen Berries.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVHs). Part 1 (outbreak data analysis, literature review and stakeholder questionnaire).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Review
- Amplicon-Based High-Throughput Sequencing Method for Genotypic Characterization of Norovirus in Oysters.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Capsid and Genomic Integrity Tests on Norovirus Extraction Recovery Rates.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Benchmarking Bioinformatic Tools for Amplicon-Based Sequencing of Norovirus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Gastrointestinal Infection in South African Children under the Age of 5 years: A Mini Review.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human noroviruses are among the main causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Frozen raspberries have been linked to several norovirus food-related outbreaks. However, the extraction of norovirus RNA from frozen raspberries remains challenging. Recovery yields are low and PCR inhibitors limit the sensitivity of the detection methodologies. In 2017, 724 people from various regions of the Province of Quebec, Canada, were infected by noroviruses and the outbreak investigation pointed to frozen raspberries as a putative source. A new magnetic silica bead approach was used for the extraction of viruses from different outbreak samples. The RNA extracts were tested by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and five samples were confirmed positive for norovirus by RT-qPCR amplicon sequencing. A multiplex long-range two-step RT-PCR approach was developed to amplify norovirus ORF2 and ORF3 capsid genes from the positive frozen raspberry RNA extracts and other sequencing strategies were also explored. These capsid genes were sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of multiple genotypes (GI.3, GI.6, and GII.17) and intra-genotype variants in some of the frozen raspberry samples. Variants of genotype GI.3 and GI.6 had 100% homology with sequences from patient samples. Similar strains were also reported in previous outbreaks. Confirmation approaches based on sequencing the norovirus capsid genes using Next-Generation Sequencing can be applied at trace level contaminations and could be useful to assess risk and assist in source tracking.
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