ArticleNucleic acids research2022
Experimental demonstration of operon formation catalyzed by insertion sequence.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parasites constrain within-population diversification while accelerating between-population divergence in an RNA replication system.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- A novel transformer-based platform for the prediction and design of biosynthetic gene clusters for (un)natural products.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- EprX associates with concurrent shifts in antimicrobial resistance and virulence in clinical bloodstreamFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimutator and Mutational Spectrum Effects Can Combine to Reduce Evolutionary Potential in Escherichia coli ΔnudJ.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Influence of Different Transposon Families on Genomic Stability of Shewanella oneidensis MR1.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Laboratory evolution of the bacterial genome structure through insertion sequence activation.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- A hidden intrinsic ability of bicistronic expression based on a novel translation reinitiation mechanism in yeast.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- A new selective force driving metabolic gene clustering.mSystems · 2024Article
- Promoter recruitment drives the emergence of proto-genes in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Evolution End Classification ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli insertion sequence-excision enhancer protein is a DNA polymerase with microhomology-mediated end-joining activity.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
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3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Operons are a hallmark of the genomic and regulatory architecture of prokaryotes. However, the mechanism by which two genes placed far apart gradually come close and form operons remains to be elucidated. Here, we propose a new model of the origin of operons: Mobile genetic elements called insertion sequences can facilitate the formation of operons by consecutive insertion-deletion-excision reactions. This mechanism barely leaves traces of insertion sequences and thus difficult to detect in nature. In this study, as a proof-of-concept, we reproducibly demonstrated operon formation in the laboratory. The insertion sequence IS3 and the insertion sequence excision enhancer are genes found in a broad range of bacterial species. We introduced these genes into insertion sequence-less Escherichia coli and found that, supporting our hypothesis, the activity of the two genes altered the expression of genes surrounding IS3, closed a 2.7 kb gap between a pair of genes, and formed new operons. This study shows how insertion sequences can facilitate the rapid formation of operons through locally increasing the structural mutation rates and highlights how coevolution with mobile elements may shape the organization of prokaryotic genomes and gene regulation.
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