Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35066385›Full record

ArticleEating behaviors2022

Appearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS): Lifetime use and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people.

Jason M Nagata, F Hunter McGuire, Jason M Lavender, Tiffany A Brown, Stuart B Murray, Emilio J Compte, Chloe J Cattle, Annesa Flentje, Micah E Lubensky, Juno Obedin-Maliver and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Eating behaviors, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.

Jason M NagataDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: Jason.Nagata@ucsf.edu.
F Hunter McGuireThe Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Electronic address: hunter.mcguire@wustl.edu.
Jason M LavenderMilitary Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program (MiCOR), Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; The Metis Foundation, 300 Convent St #1330, San Antonio, TX 78205, USA. Electronic address: jason.lavender.ctr@usuhs.edu.
Tiffany A BrownDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA. Electronic address: tiffanybrown@auburn.edu.
Stuart B MurrayDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Electronic address: stuart.murray@med.usc.edu.
Emilio J CompteEating Behavior Research Center, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Peñalolén, Región Metropolitana, Chile; Research Department, Comenzar de Nuevo Treatment Center, Avenida Humberto Lobo 1001, Del Valle, 66220 San Pedro Garza García, N.L., Mexico. Electronic address: emilio.compte@uai.cl.
Chloe J CattleDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Electronic address: chloe.cattle@ucsf.edu.
Annesa FlentjeDepartment of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1930 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA; The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address: Annesa.Flentje@ucsf.edu.
Micah E LubenskyDepartment of Community Health Systems, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address: Micah.Lubensky@ucsf.edu.
Juno Obedin-MaliverThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 150 Governor's Lane, HRP Redwood Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, USA. Electronic address: junoom@stanford.edu.
Mitchell R LunnThe PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, 150 Governor's Lane, HRP Redwood Building, Stanford, CA 94305-5405, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address: lunn@stanford.edu.
University of California, San Francisco · USEastern Kentucky Pride · USAdolfo Ibáñez University · CLUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · USUnity Health System · USUniversity of California, San Diego · USUniversity of Southern California · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

UCSF-Kaiser Urological Epidemiology Research Career Development ProgramK12DK111028 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUANG, ALISON · 2016 to 2025
$5.3M
Gene expression outcomes in interventions for substance using HIV+ minority menK23DA039800 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI FLENTJE, ANNESA · 2015 to 2019
$1.0M
Fear Conditioning and Fear Extinction in Anorexia NervosaK23MH115184 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI MURRAY, STUART B · 2017 to 2021
$990k
Informing national guidelines on adolescent and young adult physical activity and sedentary behavior to prevent cardiovascular diseaseK08HL159350 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI NAGATA, JASON M · 2021 to 2025
$869k
NHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL159350NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA039800NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK111028NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH115184
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAppearance and performance-enhancing drugs and supplements (APEDS) are used to enhance muscle growth, athletic performance, and physical appearance. The aim of this study was to examine the lifetime use of APEDS and associations with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms among cisgender sexual minority people.

methodsParticipants were cisgender sexual minority people (1090 gay men, 100 bisexual plus men, 564 lesbian women, and 507 bisexual plus women) recruited from The PRIDE Study in 2018 who reported lifetime APEDS use and completed the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI). Regression analyses stratified by gender and sexual orientation examined associations of any APEDS use with EDE-Q and MDDI scores.

resultsLifetime APEDS use was common across the four groups of cisgender sexual minority people (44% of gay men, 42% of bisexual plus men, 29% of lesbian women, and 30% of bisexual plus women). Protein supplements and creatine supplements were the most commonly used APEDS. Any APEDS use was associated with higher EDE-Q scores on one or more subscales in all sexual minority groups. Further, any APEDS use was associated with higher MDDI Total Scores in all groups; any APEDS use was associated with all MDDI subscale scores in cisgender gay men only. DISCUSSION: APEDS use is common and associated with eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia symptoms in sexual minority men and women, thus highlighting the importance of assessing for these behaviors and symptoms among these populations in clinical settings.

Indexed as

Feeding and Eating DisordersPerformance-Enhancing SubstancesSexual and Gender MinoritiesFemaleHumansMaleMusclesSexual BehaviorPerformance-Enhancing SubstancesCreatineEating disorderLGBTQProteinSexual and gender minoritiesSteroidsSupplements

Identifiers

PMID35066385
PMCPMC9359347
OpenAlexW4205706432

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.