ArticlePsychiatry research2022
Semantic and phonetic similarity of verbal fluency responses in early-stage psychosis.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cross-linguistic benchmarking of NLP metrics for psychosis research.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Lexical Search and Retrieval in Aphasia: A Computational Analysis of Semantic Fluency.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Unique signatures in verbal fluency task performance in schizophrenia and depression.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- An End-to-End Overview of Clinical Speech AI.IEEE transactions on audio, speech, and language processing (2025) · 2026Article
- Semantic Processing Deficits and Their Use as Early Biomarkers in Schizophrenia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Leveraging relatedness-based measures in people with language disorders: A scoping review.Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Hearing vocals to recognize schizophrenia: speech discriminant analysis with fusion of emotions and features based on deep learning.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The associations of negative and disorganization symptoms with verbal fluency in schizophrenia: the mediation effect of processing speed and cognitive flexibility.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sensory and Multisensory Processing Changes and Their Contributions to Autism and Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Functional and Effective Connectivity Underlying Semantic Verbal Fluency.Brain topography · 2024Article
- Trajectories through semantic spaces in schizophrenia and the relationship to ripple bursts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Computational analysis on verbal fluency reveals heterogeneity in subjective language interests and brain structure.Neuroimage. Reports · 2023Article
- Naturalistic computational psychiatry: How to get there?Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Linguistic abnormalities can emerge early in the course of psychotic illness. Computational tools that quantify similarity of responses in standardized language-based tasks such as the verbal fluency test could efficiently characterize the nature and functional correlates of these disturbances. Participants with early-stage psychosis (n=20) and demographically matched controls without a psychiatric diagnosis (n=20) performed category and letter verbal fluency. Semantic similarity was measured via predicted context co-occurrence in a large text corpus using Word2Vec. Phonetic similarity was measured via edit distance using the VFClust tool. Responses were designated as clusters (related items) or switches (transitions to less related items) using similarity-based thresholds. Results revealed that participants with early-stage psychosis compared to controls had lower fluency scores, lower cluster-related semantic similarity, and fewer switches; mean cluster size and phonetic similarity did not differ by group. Lower fluency semantic similarity was correlated with greater speech disorganization (Communication Disturbances Index), although more strongly in controls, and correlated with poorer social functioning (Global Functioning: Social), primarily in the psychosis group. Findings suggest that search for semantically related words may be impaired soon after psychosis onset. Future work is warranted to investigate the impact of language disturbances on social functioning over the course of psychotic illness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.