Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2022
Concurrent validity of an immersive virtual reality version of the Box and Block Test to assess manual dexterity among patients with stroke.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04694833 (Self-assessment and Telerehabilitation Using Virtual Reality Devices and Serious Games to Improve Motor and Cognitive Impairments in Stroke Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Self-assessment and Telerehabilitation Using Virtual Reality Devices and Serious Games to Improve Motor and Cognitive Impairments in Stroke Patients
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric properties of technology-assisted matching paradigms in post-stroke upper limb proprioceptive assessment: a scoping review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Technological Features of Immersive Virtual Reality Systems for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Performance-based outcome measures of upper extremity in virtual reality and telerehabilitation: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Research trends and hotspots of post-stroke upper limb dysfunction: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Performing a shortened version of the Action Research Arm Test in immersive virtual reality to assess post-stroke upper limb activity.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Assessment of Upper Limb Function Using Virtual Reality Technologies in Adults with Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Computer Vision for Movement Observation and Recovery Enhancement (C-MORE): Box and Blocks Test.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessing upper limb function: the Spanish version of the Stroke Upper Limb Capacity Scale (SULCS): cross-cultural adaptation and clinimetric properties.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis: Patient-Reported Experience and Correlates.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Virtual reality as an assessment tool in neurorehabilitation: a scoping review of current evidence and future directions.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Reliability and validity of virtual reality box & block test in healthy adults and patients with stroke: a prospective, multi-center, exploratory, cross-sectional study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Facilitated Effects of Closed-Loop Assessment and Training on Trans-Radial Prosthesis User Rehabilitation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Virtual Version of the Box and Block Test to Assess Manual Dexterity at Home for Adults with Stroke and Children with Cerebral Palsy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- AdaptRehab VR: Development of an Immersive Virtual Reality System for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation Designed for Low- and Middle-Income Countries Using a Participatory Co-Creation Approach.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Its Efficacy in Upper Limb Recovery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Assessing the utility of Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (RPNIs) in providing referred sensations in a functional task in a virtual environment.IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics · 2025Article
- Is It Feasible to Apply a Virtual Box and Block Test in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy?: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- CKATool: A clinical kinematic analysis toolbox for upper limb rehabilitation.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Clinical Utility and Usability of the Digital Box and Block Test: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter a stroke, experts recommend regular monitoring and kinematic assessments of patients to objectively measure motor recovery. With the rise of new technologies and increasing needs for neurorehabilitation, an interest in virtual reality has emerged. In this context, we have developed an immersive virtual reality version of the Box and Block Test (BBT-VR). The aim of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the BBT-VR among patients with stroke and healthy participants.
methodsTwenty-three healthy participants and 22 patients with stroke were asked to perform the classical Box and Block Test (BBT) and BBT-VR three times with both hands. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlations between these two tests and reliability of the BBT-VR through correlation on test-retest. Usability of the BBT-VR was also evaluated with the System Usability Scale. Hand kinematic data extracted from controller's 3D position allowed to compute mean velocity (V
resultsResults showed strong correlations between the number of blocks displaced with the BBT and the BBT-VR among patients with stroke for affected (r = 0.89; p < 0.001) and less-affected hands (r = 0.76; p < 0.001) and healthy participants for dominant (r = 0.58; p < 0.01) and non-dominant hands (r = 0.68; p < 0.001). Reliability for test-retest was excellent (ICC > 0.8; p < 0.001) and usability almost excellent (System Usability Scale = 79 ± 12.34%). On average participants moved between 30 and 40% less blocks during the BBT-VR than during the BBT. Healthy participants demonstrated significantly higher kinematic measures (V
conclusionThe BBT-VR is a usable, valid and reliable test to assess manual dexterity, providing kinematic parameters, in a population of patients with stroke and healthy participants. Trial registration http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT04694833, Date of registration: 11/24/2020.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.