ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2022
Comparison of flexion relaxation phenomenon between female yogis and matched non-athlete group.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multidimensional Dysfunction in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Correlational Study of Key Clinical Measures.Pain research & management · 2026Article
- Association Between Lumbar Lordosis, Thoracic Kyphosis, and Muscle Activations During Different Lower Back Exercises: An Observational Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- A Comparison of Contractile Properties and Acute Muscle Fatigue Response in Adult Females with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Differential Back Muscle Flexion-Relaxation Phenomenon in Constrained versus Unconstrained Leg Postures.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The association between different physical activity levels and flexion-relaxation phenomenon in women: a cross-sectional study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrunk flexion is a common exercise during daily activities. Flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) occurs during forward bending in which there is a sudden silence of erector spinae (ES) muscles. The pattern of forward bending differs in yoga practitioners. This learned pattern probably predisposes yogis to injuries. The hypothesis of this study was that FRP differs in yogis in comparison to non-yogis individuals.
methodsThis observational cross-sectional study was performed on 60 women assigned into yogis and non-athlete groups. Each participant was asked to bend forward and then return to the initial position. ES activity was recorded at L3 level, 4 cm from mid line during the trial. Trunk inclination and lumbar flexion angles were calculated at FRP onset and cessation moments.
resultsThe FRP occurred in 80% of yoga practitioners in comparison to 96.7% in the control group. Trunk inclination angle was significantly greater at FRP initiation in yogis compared to control group. Lumbar flexion angle was not different between the groups.
conclusionsIt is concluded that the altered pattern of forward bending observed in yogis may change patterns of ES muscles activity if it becomes part of a person's daily lifestyle which might predispose these muscles to fatigue and subsequent injuries; however, further studies are warranted for clarification.
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