ArticleNeurology2022
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Risk of Parkinson Disease: Nested Case-Control Study of People With Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Article in Neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06816810 (TALLman Family Energizes Research To Help Alleviate Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - "TALLER THAN PD." A Phase 2 Futility Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Hydroxychloroquine in Subjects With Early Treated Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TALLman Family Energizes Research To Help Alleviate Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease - "TALLER THAN PD." A Phase 2 Futility Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Hydroxychloroquine in Subjects With Early Treated Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between Parkinson's disease and autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic Multi-Level Analyses Decode the Arthritis-Neurodegeneration Axis With In Vivo Validation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Interplay of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in alzheimer's: insights into age-driven pathogenesis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Identifying Drugs Associated With Parkinson's Disease Risk Using Machine Learning.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Validation of Parkinson's Disease Diagnoses in a National Register: Accuracy, Limitations, and Utility.Clinical epidemiology · 2026Article
- Increased burden of rare risk variants across gene expression networks predisposes to sporadic Parkinson's disease.Cell reports · 2025Article
- The role of the hippocampus and SLC39A8 in chronic musculoskeletal pain-induced dementia: a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From Diagnosis to Treatment: A Comprehensive Review of Biomarkers and Therapeutic Advances in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of neurosciences · 2025Review
- Therapeutic drug monitoring in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Parkinson's Disease Gene Biomarkers Screened by the LASSO and SVM Algorithms.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Cross-Regional Data Initiative for the Assessment and Development of Treatment for Neurological and Mental Disorders.Clinical epidemiology · 2023Article
- Biologic targets of prescription medications and risk of neurodegenerative disease in United States Medicare beneficiaries.PloS one · 2023Article
- Bromodomains in Human-Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Model of Ferroptosis-Induced Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Identification of Immune-Related Hub Genes in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Identification of Drugs Associated with Lower Risk of Parkinson's Disease Using a Systematic Screening Approach in a Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesEpidemiologic studies have suggested a link between rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson disease (PD). Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) might explain this association. The aim of this work was to evaluate the association between DMARDs and risk of PD in persons with rheumatoid arthritis.
methodsThis nested nationwide case-control study was conducted within the Finnish Parkinson's Disease (FINPARK) cohort, which includes 22,189 Finnish persons with clinically verified PD diagnosed in 1996 to 2015. The cases had recorded diagnosis of PD in the Special Reimbursement Register and had no exclusion diagnoses with symptoms that may be confused with PD within 2 years of PD diagnosis. This study included cases with PD diagnosed during 1999 to 2015 and rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed >3 years before PD. Rheumatoid arthritis was identified from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care and Special Reimbursement Register. Cases were matched with up to 7 controls by age, sex, duration of rheumatoid arthritis, and region. DMARDs were categorized into 5 classes, and data on purchased prescriptions were identified from the Prescription Register since 1995. Associations were studied with conditional logistic regression adjusted for confounders.
resultsAltogether, 315 cases with PD and 1,571 matched controls were included. The majority (>60%) were women, and the median duration of rheumatoid arthritis on matching date was 11.6 years for controls and 12.6 years for cases. Use of DMARDs was not associated with risk of PD with a 3-year lag period applied between exposure and outcome except chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, which associated with decreased risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.97). Other DMARDs, including sulfasalazine, methotrexate, gold preparations, and immunosuppressants, were not associated with PD. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that the lower risk of PD in people with rheumatoid arthritis is not explained by DMARD use because these drugs in general did not modify the risk of PD among persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Association between chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and lower risk of PD and the possible underlying mechanisms should be further investigated. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis using DMARDs, only chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine was associated with a potentially decreased risk of developing PD (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.97).
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