SynthesisPsychoneuroendocrinology2022
Systematic review of sex differences in the relationship between hormones and depression in HIV.
Synthesis in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Need for Medication Review and Deprescribing in People Living with HIV: A Longitudinal Observational Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mental health disorders among people living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Benin: the overlooked role of sleep quality.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Noncommunicable chronic comorbidities, perceived social support, depression, and health-related quality of life among people with HIV: a structural equation modeling study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Recent Alcohol Use Influences Associations between Cortisol Levels and Negative Affect: The New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Magnitude of Depression and Associated Factors in Women Living With HIV in Northwest, Ethiopia: Mediation Analysis.AIDS research and treatment · 2025Article
- Is There such a Thing as Post-Viral Depression?: Implications for Precision Medicine.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Induces Affective Disorder by Interfering Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Arginine vasopressin in mood disorders: A potential biomarker of disease pathology and a target for pharmacologic intervention.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Review
- Gender Differences in Cortisol and Cortisol Receptors in Depression: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The association of hypogonadism with depression and its treatments.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMajor depressive disorder is the most common neuropsychiatric comorbidity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and women are more frequently affected in the general population and among those with HIV. The rate of depression in HIV is three times higher than the general population. Differences in biomarkers in neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways are one possible explanation for the increased prevalence of depression in individuals with HIV, especially biological women. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review identifying differences in neuroendocrine factors leading to depression in men versus women with HIV.
methodsA comprehensive search of 8 databases was performed, followed by title and abstract screening and later full-text screening by two independent researchers. A risk of bias assessment was completed.
resultsTwenty-six full-text articles were included in the review. Significant correlations between depression and neuroendocrine marker levels were found for cortisol (both sexes), testosterone (only in men), oxytocin (only tested in women), and estradiol (only in women). No significant correlation between depression and hormone level was found for prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Nearly all studies included only men or women and did not directly compare neuroendocrine markers between the two sexes. One study found that the correlation between cortisol levels and depression scores was stronger in women than men.
conclusionNeuroendocrine systems are highly active in the brain and important in the development and persistence of mental illness. Given that HIV can, directly and indirectly, impact hormone signaling, it is likely contributing to the high rate of depression in individuals with HIV. However, few studies explore neuroactive hormones in depression and HIV, nor how this connection may differ between the sexes. More high-quality research is needed in this area to explore the link further and inform possible avenues of treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.