ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2022
Betulinic acid self-assembled nanoparticles for effective treatment of glioblastoma.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Nanoparticle-Mediated Ferroptosis in Glioma Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Advanced herbal self-assembled nanoplatforms: targeted, stimuli-responsive, and precision therapeutics for human diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Quercetin as a multifaceted neuroprotective agent against cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury: mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights into the Metabolic Pathways and Neuroprotective Potential of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids: In-Depth Analysis of Betulin, Betulinic, and Ursolic Acids.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Targeted Delivery of CNS-Specific Hesperidin as a Leptin Sensitizer for Treating Obesity-Associated Sleep-Disordered Breathing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- Von Hippel-Lindau/Hypoxia Inducible Factor Axis in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances and challenges in betulinic acid therapeutics and delivery systems for breast cancer prevention and treatment.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Application of PVA hydrogel loaded with luteolin nanoparticles in anti EMT treatment after GBM.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Article
- Tertiary amine modification enables triterpene nanoparticles to target the mitochondria and treat glioblastoma via pyroptosis induction.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Self-Assembled Silymarin Nanoparticles.Small science · 2025Article
- Self-assembled genistein nanoparticles suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma by targeting MMP9.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Betulinic acid and obesity-related disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Improving anti-oxidant stress treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage through self-assembled nanoparticles of oleanolic acid.Drug delivery · 2024Article
- Phytocompounds and Nanoformulations for Anticancer Therapy: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Autocatalytic, Brain Tumor-Targeting Delivery of Bardoxolone Methyl Self-Assembled Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Treatment.Small science · 2024Article
- Drug Delivery Systems of Betulin and Its Derivatives: An Overview.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Combination of betulinic acid and EGFR-TKIs exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects against wild-type EGFR NSCLC by inducing autophagy-related cell death via EGFR signaling pathway.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma stem cells deliver ABCB4 transcribed by ATF3 via exosomes conferring glioblastoma resistance to temozolomide.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), most therapeutics cannot efficiently reach tumors in the brain, and as a result, they are unable to be used for effective GBM treatment. Accumulating evidence shows that delivery of therapeutics in form of nanoparticles (NPs) may allow crossing the BBB for effective GBM treatment.
methodsBetulinic acid NPs (BA NPs) were synthesized by the standard emulsion approach and characterized by electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The resulting NPs were characterized for their anti-tumor effects by cell viability assay, EdU-DNA synthesis assay, cell cycle assay, mitochondrial membrane potential, and PI-FITC apoptosis assay. Further mechanistic studies were carried out through Western Blot and immunostaining analyses. Finally, we evaluated BA NPs in vivo for their pharmacokinetics and antitumor effects in intracranial xenograft GBM mouse models.
resultsBA NPs were successfully prepared and formed into rod shape. BA NPs could significantly suppress glioma cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase in vitro. Furthermore, BA NPs downregulated the Akt/NFκB-p65 signaling pathway in a concentration dependent manner. We found that the observed anti-tumor effect of BA NPs was dependent on the function of CB1/CB2 receptors. Moreover, in the intracranial GBM xenograft mouse models, BA NPs could effectively cross the BBB and greatly prolong the survival time of the mice.
conclusionsWe successfully synthesized BA NPs, which could cross the BBB and demonstrated a strong anti-tumor effect. Therefore, BA NPs may potentially be used for effective treatment of GBM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.