ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2022
The bidirectional temporal relationship between headache and affective disorders: longitudinal data from the HUNT studies.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychosocial factors as predictors of headache chronification: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Headache · 2026Pooled it
- Comorbidities as risk factors for migraine onset: A systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping Review on Characteristics of Publications on Modifiable Psychosocial Factors in Headache Diseases.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Effect of co-morbid anxiety and depression history on multidomain concussion clinical outcomes and recovery time.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Burden of migraine among university students in the Middle East and North Africa: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, mental health comorbidities, and disability.BMC public health · 2025Article
- [Multiple comorbidities with migraine-Is there a common cause?]Schmerz (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Safety of Rimegepant in Adults with Migraine and Anxiety, Depression, or Using Antidepressants: Analysis of a Multicenter, Long-Term, Open-Label Study.Pain and therapy · 2025Article
- Hallmarks of primary headache: part 1 - migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
- Migraine Aura-Catch Me If You Can with EEG and MRI-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Depression and anxiety in women with idiopathic intracranial hypertension compared to migraine: A matched controlled cohort study.Headache · 2023Article
- Article
- Applying a biopsychosocial model to migraine: rationale and clinical implications.The journal of headache and pain · 2022Review
- Clinical profile of headache attributed to anxiety and depressive disorders: an observational study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- The role of androgens in migraine pathophysiology.Neurobiology of pain (Cambridge, Mass.)Review
- Exploring the relationship between migraine and mental health - perspectives from the patient and physician experience.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- Migraine and Tension-type Headache in Parkinson's Disease and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy/Corticobasal Syndrome.Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundFew prospective population-based studies have evaluated the bidirectional relationship between headache and affective disorder. The aim of this large-scale population-based follow-up study was to investigate whether tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine had increased risk of developing anxiety and depression after 11 years, and vice-versa.
methodsData from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) conducted in 2006-2008 (baseline) and 2017-2019 (follow-up) were used to evaluate the bidirectional relationship between migraine and TTH and anxiety and depression measured by Hospital Anxiety and depression Scale (HADS). The population at risk at baseline consisted of respectively 18,380 persons with HADS score ≤ 7 and 13,893 without headache, and the prospective data was analyzed by Poisson regression.
resultsIn the multi-adjusted model, individuals with HADS anxiety (HADS-A) and depression scores (HADS-D) of ≥8 at baseline nearly doubled the risk of migraine (Risk rations (RR) between 1.8 and 2.2) at follow-up whereas a 40% increased risk (RR 1.4) was found for TTH. Vice versa, the risk of having HADS-A and HADS-D scores of ≥8 at follow-up were increased for TTH (RR 1.3) and migraine (RR 1.3-1.6) at baseline. Migraine with aura was associated with 81% (RR 1.81, 95% 1.52-2.14) increased risk of HADS-A score of ≥8.
conclusionsIn this large-scale population-based follow-up study we found a bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression and migraine and TTH. For anxiety, this bidirectional association was slightly more evident for migraine than TTH.
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