ArticleVaccines2022
Antibody Levels at 3-Years Follow-Up of a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine in Young Adults.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- High-dimensional profiling following third MMR vaccination or mumps virus infection reveals individuals with suboptimal immunity.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-based differences in mumps immunity after a third dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Serological Mumps Evaluation of Medical Students in Catalonia (Spain): Is a Third Dose of Vaccine Needed?Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- The measles vaccine's effectiveness during an epidemic: a test negative case control study (Tunisia, 2019).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics of Mumps Under Different Immunization Strategies in Henan Province.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Gene Expression Factors Associated with Rubella-Specific Humoral Immunity After a Third MMR Vaccine Dose.Viruses · 2025Article
- Patterns of Decline in Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Neutralizing Antibodies and Protection Levels Through 10 Years After a Second and Third Dose of MMR Vaccine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Unveiling immunity gaps and determining a suitable age for a third dose of the measles-containing vaccine: a strategic approach to accelerating measles elimination.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Seronegative Vaccinees May Not Benefit From Multiple Booster Doses of MMR Vaccine in Restoring Immunity.Journal of medical virology · 2024Observational
- Genomic Characterization of Three Canadian Mumps Outbreaks Demonstrates Endemic Transmission in Canada.Viruses · 2024Article
- Booster doses of an inactivated F genotype mumps vaccine enhance immunogenicity in mice.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Long-term Neutralizing Antibody Levels Against Measles and Rubella Viruses Among Adults With 3 Doses of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mumps vaccine effectiveness of a 3rd dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine in school settings during a mumps outbreak -- Arkansas, 2016-2017.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- The Influence of Sex, Body Mass Index, and Age on Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses Against Measles After a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence of Varicella-Zoster Virus and Measles among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Medical Center in Korea.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Impact of vaccine effectiveness and coverage on preventing large mumps outbreaks on college campuses: Implications for vaccination strategy.Epidemics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mumps outbreaks and breakthrough infections of measles and rubella have raised concerns about waning of vaccine-induced immunity after two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination. In the present follow-up study, serum IgG antibodies against mumps, measles and rubella, as well as the functional neutralizing antibodies against both the mumps vaccine strain and mumps outbreak strains were measured longitudinally in young adults that received a third MMR (MMR3) dose. The mumps-specific IgG and virus neutralizing antibody levels at 3 years after vaccination were still elevated compared to pre-vaccination antibody levels, although the differences were smaller than at earlier timepoints. Interestingly, subjects with low antibody levels to mumps before vaccination benefited the most as they showed the strongest antibody increase after an MMR3 dose. Three years after an MMR3 dose, all subjects had antibody levels to measles and rubella above the internationally agreed antibody cutoff levels for clinical protection. Our data support the recommendation that an MMR3 dose may provide additional protection for those that have become susceptible to mumps virus infection during outbreaks. MMR3 also resulted in an increase in anti-measles and rubella antibody levels that lasted longer than might have been expected.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.