ArticleVaccines2022
Circulating Cytokines in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Select Different Prognostic Groups and Patients Who Might Benefit from Treatment beyond Progression.
Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing pyroptosis in breast cancer therapy: immunological mechanisms and emerging biomaterial strategies.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Inside the Tumor: Decoding the Feline Mammary Tumor Microenvironment and Its Prognostic Value-A Review.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Predicting the response to immunotherapy from gene expression data in HER2-negative breast cancer.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Role of Cytokines in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- High IL-8 plasma levels at baseline are predictive of poor overall survival in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- FGFR‑related phenotypic and functional profile of CAFs in prognostication of breast cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- The Enigmatic Interplay of Interleukin-10 in the Synergy of HIV Infection Comorbid with Preeclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- SAMHD1 expression is a surrogate marker of immune infiltration and determines prognosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Baseline interleukin-6 is a prognostic factor for patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with eribulin.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
- Baseline Values of Circulating IL-6 and TGF-β Might Identify Patients with HNSCC Who Do Not Benefit from Nivolumab Treatment.Cancers · 2023Article
- The elusive Luminal B breast cancer and the mysterious chemokines.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Serum immuno-oncology markers carry independent prognostic information in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic breast cancer, from a prospective observational study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2023Observational
- Baseline Cytokine Profile Identifies a Favorable Outcome in a Subgroup of Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated with Regorafenib.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Excess body weight significantly affects systemic and tumor inflammatory status and correlates to poor prognosis parameters in patients with breast cancer.Current research in immunology · 2023Article
- Autoimmunity, cancer and COVID-19 abnormally activate wound healing pathways: critical role of inflammation.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2022Review
- Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer induces immune suppression to overcome its recognition and eradication by the immune system. Cytokines are messengers able to modulate immune response or suppression. There is great interest in the evaluation of their changes during treatment in order to identify their relationship with clinical outcome. We evaluated 18 cytokines in breast cancer patients treated with eribulin before starting treatment (T0) and after four courses of therapy (T1). Longitudinal modifications were considered and cytokine clusters through PCA and HCPC correlated to patients' outcomes were identified. Forty-one metastatic breast cancer patients and fifteen healthy volunteers were included. After clustering, we identified at T0 six patient clusters with different risk of relapse and death. At T1, only four clusters were identified, and three of them accounted for thirty-eight of forty-one patients, suggesting a possible role of treatment in reducing heterogeneity. The cluster with the best survival at T1 was characterized by low levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CCL-2, CCL-4, and TGF-β. The cluster showing the worst survival encompassed high levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, CCL-2, and IFN-γ. A subgroup of patients with short progression-free survival (PFS) and long overall survival (OS) was comprised in the cluster characterized by low levels of CCL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12 at T0. Our data support the prognostic significance of longitudinal serum cytokine analysis. This approach may help identify patients for whom early treatment stop avoids needless toxicity or might justify treatment beyond early progression. Further investigations are required to validate this hypothesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.