ArticleVaccines2021
Allergy Associated Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Report of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of Kounis Syndrome.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bee sting-induced myocardial infarction: a systematic review with illustrative case.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Multiple bee stings leading to a delayed fatal coronary event with probable Kounis syndrome: a case report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Kounis Syndrome in the Modern Era: A Comprehensive Review of Allergic Acute Coronary Syndromes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Kounis Syndrome in Cardiac Surgery: Pathophysiology, Antimicrobial Triggers, and Perioperative Recognition and Management.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Very late stent thrombosis associated with stent malapposition and uncovered struts after contrast-enhanced CT in a patient receiving long-term steroid therapy due to Kounis syndrome: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Kounis syndrome type III triggered by stents in patients with coronary artery disease: A review of clinical cases.World journal of cardiology · 2026Review
- Relapsing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis as a trigger for Kounis syndrome: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Post anaphylactic shock myocardial infarction (Kounis syndrome): a rare case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Selective Intracoronary Injection of Nitrates Was Effective for Contrast Media-induced Type I Kounis Syndrome After Treatment with Steroids and Antihistamines.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Coronary spasm as a manifestation of allergic reaction to contrast material: a case report of Kounis syndrome.European heart journal. Case reports · 2025Article
- From Allergy to Angina: A Unique Presentation of Kounis Syndrome.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2025Article
- Kounis syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: Clinical manifestations, mechanisms and management.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Kounis Syndrome After Administration of Ultrasound Enhancing Agent.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2024Article
- Resuscitation of a case of allergy, infarction, and ventricular fibrillation: Kounis syndrome type II and literature review.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Kounis Syndrome: Review of Clinical Cases.Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Identification of the biological processes, immune cell landscape, and hub genes shared by acute anaphylaxis and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Recurrent Coronary Vasospasm: A Case of Kounis Syndrome from Anaphylaxis to Contrast Dye.Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal · 2022Article
- Kounis Syndrome Secondary to Laxative Administration.Case reports in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Kounis syndrome (KS) has been defined as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the context of a hypersensitivity reaction. Patients may present with normal coronary arteries (Type I), established coronary artery disease (Type II) or in-stent thrombosis and restenosis (Type III). We searched PubMed until 1 January 2020 for KS case reports. Patients with age <18 years, non-coronary vascular manifestations or without an established diagnosis were excluded. Information regarding patient demographics, medical history, presentation, allergic reaction trigger, angiography, laboratory values and management were extracted from every report. The data were pulled in a combined dataset. From 288 patients with KS, 57.6% had Type I, 24.7% Type II and 6.6% Type III, while 11.1% could not be classified. The mean age was 54.1 years and 70.6% were male. Most presented with a combination of cardiac and allergic symptoms, with medication being the most common trigger. Electrocardiographically, 75.1% had ST segment elevation with only 3.3% demonstrating no abnormalities. Coronary imaging was available in 84.8% of the patients, showing occlusive lesions (32.5%), vascular spasm (16.2%) or normal coronary arteries (51.3%). Revascularization was pursued in 29.4% of the cases. In conclusion, allergic reactions may be complicated by ACS. KS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.
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