Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35062372›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022

An Efficient Multilevel Probabilistic Model for Abnormal Traffic Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Muhammad Altaf Khan, Moustafa M Nasralla, Muhammad Muneer Umar, Ghani-Ur-Rehman, Shafiullah Khan, Nikumani Choudhury

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Muhammad Altaf KhanInstitute of Computing, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-2650-4149
Moustafa M NasrallaDepartment of Communications and Networks Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11633, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6511-1460
Muhammad Muneer UmarInstitute of Computing, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-2459-6470
Ghani-Ur-RehmanDepartment of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak 27000, Pakistan.
Shafiullah KhanInstitute of Computing, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
Nikumani ChoudhuryDepartment of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad 500037, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1947-2270
Kohat University of Science and Technology · PKBirla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani · INKhushal Khan Khattak University KarakPrince Sultan University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are low-cost, special-purpose networks introduced to resolve various daily life domestic, industrial, and strategic problems. These networks are deployed in such places where the repairments, in most cases, become difficult. The nodes in WSNs, due to their vulnerable nature, are always prone to various potential threats. The deployed environment of WSNs is noncentral, unattended, and administrativeless; therefore, malicious attacks such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks can easily be commenced by the attackers. Most of the DDoS detection systems rely on the analysis of the flow of traffic, ultimately with a conclusion that high traffic may be due to the DDoS attack. On the other hand, legitimate users may produce a larger amount of traffic known, as the flash crowd (FC). Both DDOS and FC are considered abnormal traffic in communication networks. The detection of such abnormal traffic and then separation of DDoS attacks from FC is also a focused challenge. This paper introduces a novel mechanism based on a Bayesian model to detect abnormal data traffic and discriminate DDoS attacks from FC in it. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism, compared with the existing systems.

Indexed as

Computer SecurityWireless TechnologyBayes TheoremComputer Communication NetworksModels, StatisticalBayesian modelDDoSflash crowdsecurityWSNs

Identifiers

PMID35062372
PMCPMC8777834
OpenAlexW4205138093

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.