ArticleBlood2022
Structural racism is a mediator of disparities in acute myeloid leukemia outcomes.
Article in Blood, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06337331 (A Phase II Trial of Venetoclax-Enhanced Reduced Intensity HLA-Mismatched Allogeneic Transplant for Ultra-High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Trial of Venetoclax-Enhanced Reduced Intensity HLA-Mismatched Allogeneic Transplant for Ultra-High-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Associated with Head and Neck Cancer Postoperative Radiotherapy Delays: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Cytarabine Pharmacogenomics and Outcomes Among Children and Young Adults With Acute Myeloid Leukemia.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Pharmacogenomic Score Effectively Personalizes Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Pharmacogenomics, Race, and Treatment Outcome in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Phase 2 study of PD-1 blockade following autologous transplantation for patients with AML ineligible for allogeneic transplant.Blood advances · 2023Trial
- Clinical and sociodemographic predictors of intensive care unit admission following chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Access Challenges in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Identifying At-Risk US States by Exploring Social Vulnerability, Physician Density, and Unmet Need.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Receipt of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant and NMDP Donor Search in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2026Article
- Stratifying survival: the role of social determinants of health on AML outcomes by ELN 2022 criteria.Blood advances · 2026Article
- International testing and refinement of AI algorithms predicting acute leukemia subtypes from routine laboratory data.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Impact of demographic factors on clinical outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Article
- AML Disparities Across Racial Ancestry Groups: A Spotlight on the NPM1 Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Health Disparities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) Therapy Targeting FLT3, IDH1, or IDH2.Blood and lymphatic cancer : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Assessing Social Determinants of Health in Transplantation and CAR-T Recipients: Expert Panel Recommendations from the Survivorship Special Interest Group of ASTCT.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Review
- The Caregiver Paradigm in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: Current and Future Directions.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2025Review
- Nutrition and Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Older Adults (Aged ≥60): A Scoping Review.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Ancestry-associated social and genomic hallmarks linked with inferior outcome in elderly acute myeloid leukemia.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Assessing drivers of disparate outcomes and applicability of risk stratification in a cohort of patients with myelofibrosis.Blood cancer journal · 2025Article
- Similarities and Differences Between Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell and Organ Transplantation and What We Can Learn From Each Other to Guide Global Health Strategy.Clinical transplantation · 2025Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have higher mortality rates than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients despite more favorable genetics and younger age. A discrete survival analysis was performed on 822 adult patients with AML from 6 urban cancer centers and revealed inferior survival among NHB (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 2.22) and Hispanic (HR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.79) patients compared with NHW patients. A multilevel analysis of disparities was then conducted to investigate the contribution of neighborhood measures of structural racism on racial/ethnic differences in survival. Census tract disadvantage and affluence scores were individually calculated. Mediation analysis of hazard of leukemia death between groups was examined across 6 composite variables: structural racism (census tract disadvantage, affluence, and segregation), tumor biology (European Leukemia Network risk and secondary leukemia), health care access (insurance and clinical trial enrollment), comorbidities, treatment patterns (induction intensity and transplant utilization), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission during induction chemotherapy. Strikingly, census tract measures accounted for nearly all of the NHB-NHW and Hispanic-NHW disparity in leukemia death. Treatment patterns, including induction intensity and allogeneic transplant, and treatment complications, as assessed by ICU admission during induction chemotherapy, were additional mediators of survival disparities in AML. This is the first study to formally test mediators for observed disparities in AML survival and highlights the need to investigate the mechanisms by which structural racism interacts with known prognostic and treatment factors to influence leukemia outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.