SynthesisPloS one2022
Hepatitis B, C and D virus infections and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Africa: A meta-analysis including sensitivity analyses for studies comparable for confounders.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-managing the double burden: strategies for simultaneously tackling infectious and non-communicable diseases.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in prevalence of chronic liver disease among women of childbearing age from 1992 to 2021.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Viral hepatitis B co-infection among people living with HIV: a National cross-sectional survey in Togo in 2023.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Contamination of herbal medicinal products in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- [Sero-epidemiological characteristics of the hepatitis D virus infection among hepatitis B virus infected-patients at a single center in Xinjiang region].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Article
- Therapeutic mechanisms and beneficial effects of non-antidiabetic drugs in chronic liver diseases.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2022Review
- Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance.Hepatoma research · 2022Article
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus antigen in patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma at 12The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAfrica denotes unique facies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) characterized by a conjunction of low sensitization, restricted access to diagnosis and treatment and associated with the highest incidence and mortality in the world. We investigated whether hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV) and D (VHD) viruses were etiological agents of HCC in Africa.
methodsRelevant articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and African Journal Online databases, as well as manual searches in relevant reviews and included articles. Analytical studies from Africa evaluating the association between HCC development and HBV, HCV, and HDV were included. Relevant studies were selected, data extracted, and the risk of bias assessed independently by at least 2 investigators. The association was estimated using odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95% CI) determined by a random-effects model. Sources of heterogeneity were determined by subgroup analyses.
resultsA total of 36 case-control studies were included. With controls having non-hepatic disease, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBeAg (OR = 19.9; 95% CI = [3.7-105.2]), HBsAg (OR = 9.9; 95%) CI = [6.2-15.6]) and DNA (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [5.9-13.4]); HCV (Anti-HCV (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = [6.3-14.0]) and RNA (OR = 16.5; 95% CI = [7.8-34.6]); HDV (Anti-VHD, (OR = 25.8; 95% CI = [5.9-112.2]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBV DNA/HCV RNA (OR = 22.5; 95% CI = [1.3-387.8]). With apparently healthy controls, the overall results suggested a significantly increased risk of HCC in patients with HBV (HBsAg, (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = [6.0-13.0]); HCV (Anti-HCV, (OR = 7.7; 95% CI = [5.6-10.6]); and HBV/HCV coinfections (HBsAg/Anti-HCV (OR = 7.8; 95% CI = [4.4-13.6]) Substantial heterogeneity and the absence of publication bias were recorded for these results.
conclusionsIn Africa, HBV/HCV coinfections and HBV, HCV, and HDV infections are associated with an increased risk of developing HCC. The implementation of large-scale longitudinal and prospective studies including healthy participants to search for early biomarkers of the risk of progression to HCC is urgently needed.
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