ArticleEpidemiology and infection2021
Two multistate outbreaks of a reoccurring Shiga toxin-producing
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Conundrum of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 Persistence: Evidence for Locally Persistent Lineages.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Reoccurring, Emerging, and Persisting (REP) Strains: A Framework for Surveillance and Investigation of Pathogens of Public Health Importance.Journal of food protection · 2026Review
- Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Related to Food Hygiene Among Food Business Operators in Attica, Greece.Cureus · 2026Article
- Assessing the Potential for Human Pathogen Contamination of Agricultural Fields by Dust From Animal Feeding Operations.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Article
- How Long Do Microorganisms Survive and Persist in Food? A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Nonculturable Escherichia coli O157 in horticultural compost: a public health concern.Access microbiology · 2025Article
- Recurring bacterial strains, subclusters, and the importance of practising lessons learned.Epidemiology and infection · 2024Article
- Overview of pathogenic Escherichia coli, with a focus on Shiga toxin-producing serotypes, global outbreaks (1982-2024) and food safety criteria.Gut pathogens · 2024Review
- An outbreak of Shiga toxin-producingEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Cultivar was more influential than bacterial strain and other experimental factors in recovery ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Comparative analyses of persistence traits inFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Broad time-dependent transcriptional activity of metabolic genes of E. coli O104:H4 strain C227/11Φcu in a soil microenvironment at low temperature.Environmental microbiology reports · 2023Article
- Sporadic Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Foliar Roughness and Water Content Impact onBiology · 2023Article
- Accumulation of colicin M protein and its biological activity in transgenic lettuce and mizuna plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity assessment of Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Spatiotemporal trends of Escherichia coli levels and their influences vary among ponds in the coastal plain of Georgia.Journal of environmental qualityArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Leafy green vegetables are a common source of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) foodborne illness outbreaks. Ruminant animals, primarily cattle, are the major reservoir of STEC O157. Epidemiological, traceback and field investigations were conducted to identify potential outbreak sources. Product and environmental samples were tested for STEC. A reoccurring strain of STEC O157 caused two multistate outbreaks linked to romaine lettuce in 2018 and 2019, resulting in 234 illnesses in 33 states. Over 80% of patients interviewed consumed romaine lettuce before illness. The romaine lettuce was sourced from two California growing regions: Santa Maria and Salinas Valley in 2018 and Salinas Valley in 2019. The outbreak strain was isolated from environmental samples collected at sites >90 miles apart across growing regions, as well as from romaine-containing products in 2019. Although the definitive route of romaine contamination was undetermined, use of a contaminated agricultural water reservoir in 2018 and contamination from cattle grazing on adjacent land in 2019 were suspected as possible factors. Preventing lettuce contamination from growth to consumption is imperative to preventing illness. These outbreaks highlight the need to further understand mechanisms of romaine contamination, including the role of environmental or animal reservoirs for STEC O157.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.