ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2022
Antibody Therapies in Autoimmune Encephalitis.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating health related quality of life and clinical measures in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Difficulties in the Diagnostics and Treatment of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy-A Systematic and Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of efgartigimod in patients with anti-NMDAR or anti-LGI1 encephalitis and itsNeuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Article
- The electroclinical phenotype of epilepsy following autoimmune encephalitis.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2026Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis in eastern China over last decade: a multi-center retrospective study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Adjunctive Mediterranean Diet in a Middle-Aged Male With Autoimmune Encephalitis and Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures: A Longitudinal Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Role of serum complement C3 in blood-brain barrier injury and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Soluble TREM2 Is Elevated in Pediatric Patients with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system: advances in clinical trials and immunotherapeutic strategies.Reumatologia · 2026Review
- Research progress on the association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and autoimmune encephalitis: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Systemic and organ-specific autoantibodies and worse outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- Efgartigimod as a Fast-Acting Add-On Therapy in Antibody-Mediated Autoimmune Encephalitis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Anti-kelch-like protein 11 antibody-associated encephalitis: two case reports and literature review.BMC neurology · 2025Review
- Anti-Ri Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome Presenting with Ocular Flutter in a Patient with Breast Cancer.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Efgartigimod treatment for therapy-refractory autoimmune encephalitis with coexistent NMDAR and LGI1 antibodies: a case report and literature review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Microglial Activation Visualized by [European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Treatment of delayed tremor episodes in a patient with DPPX antibody encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Efficacy of ofatumumab in refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis: case series and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Anti-LGI1 encephalitis and Langerhans cell histiocytosis: Two associated entities? A case report.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events with Monoclonal Antibodies Approved for Multiple Myeloma: An Analysis from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders in which the host immune system targets self-antigens expressed in the central nervous system. The most conspicuous example is an anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis linked to a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome. Current treatment of AE is based on immunotherapy and has been established according to clinical experience and along the concept of a B cell-mediated pathology induced by highly specific antibodies to neuronal surface antigens. In general, immunotherapy for AE follows an escalating approach. When first-line therapy with steroids, immunoglobulins, and/or plasma exchange fails, one converts to second-line immunotherapy. Alkylating agents could be the first choice in this stage. However, due to their side effect profile, most clinicians give preference to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed at B cells such as rituximab. Newer mAbs might be added as a third-line therapy in the future, or be given even earlier if shown effective. In this chapter, we will discuss mAbs targeting B cells (rituximab, ocrelizumab, inebulizumab, daratumumab), IL-6 (tocilizumab, satralizumab), the neonatal Fc receptor (FCRn) (efgartigimod, rozanolixizumab), and the complement cascade (eculizumab).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.