ArticleInternational orthopaedics2022
Age-related differences in hamstring tendon used as autograft in reconstructive anterior cruciate ligament surgery.
Article in International orthopaedics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural Variations of Tendons: A Systematic Search and Narrative Review of Histological Differences Between Tendons, Tendon Regions, Sex, and Age.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Age-related changes in mechanical properties of semitendinosus tendon used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe hamstring tendon is the most commonly used autograft material in reconstructive surgeries of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Younger patients have worse surgical outcomes, with a higher risk of re-rupture. We hypothesized that age-related changes in hamstring tendon properties affect the tendon's propensity to rupture when used as an autograft in ACL reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to compare hamstring tendon samples obtained from people aged 20 years or younger to samples obtained from older people.
methodsSuperfluous hamstring tendon material was collected from 13 young donors (aged 16-20 years) and 17 older donors undergoing ACL reconstructive surgery. Sections of the tendon samples were used for biomechanical testing, structural analysis of collagen fibrils by electron microscopy, and global analysis of gene expression by microarrays.
resultsWe found that tendon samples from the older group had lower Young's modulus than the younger group (P = 0.015), whereas the stress to failure was similar in the two groups. We found no difference in the average diameter of collagen fibrils between the two groups. Microarray analysis identified 162 differentially expressed genes (fold change ≥ 1.5, P < 0.05), with overrepresentation of several biological processes, including regulation of adhesion, migration, inflammation, and differentiation (fold enrichment > 2.0, false discovery rate P < 0.05).
conclusionThe hamstring tendon from younger people has higher stiffness than tendon from older people, and the profile of gene expression in tendon varies with age. These differences may negatively affect the performance of the hamstring tendon in ACL reconstructions in younger people.
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