ReviewAnimal cells and systems2021
Syncytin, envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV): no longer 'fossil' in human genome.
Review in Animal cells and systems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Genetic Conservation: The Baton Pass Model of Essential Biological Functions.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Nucleoside-Analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) Against Multiple Sclerosis: Comprehensive Review on a Possible Novel Therapeutic Approach.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Polyploidy and Senescence of Cancer Cells: Impact of Cell Fusion.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- A Brief Introduction into the Biological Phenomenon of Cell-Cell Fusion.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- The expression, regulation, and function of human endogenous retroviruses in genitourinary cancers.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Article
- A Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to Human Endogenous Retroviruses andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Activation of human endogenous retroviruses by Sox proteins induces cell apoptosis via the caspase-3 pathway.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Interaction of HERVs with PAMPs in Dysregulation of Immune Response Cascade Upon SARS-CoV-2 Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Treatment-resistant depression: molecular mechanisms and management.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- The evaluation of human endogenous retroviral env expression in normal and cancerous tissues of the breast.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- The important biological roles of Syncytin-1 of human endogenous retrovirus W (HERV-W) and Syncytin-2 of HERV-FRD in the human placenta development.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Envelope Recombination: A Major Driver in Shaping Retroviral Diversification and Evolution within the Host Genome.Viruses · 2023Review
- Molecular mechanisms of syncytin-1 in tumors and placental development related diseases.Discover oncology · 2023Review
- Intrinsic signalling factors associated with cancer cell-cell fusion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Endogenous Retroviruses as Modulators of Innate Immunity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A comprehensive investigation of human endogenous retroviral syncytin proteins and their receptors in men with normozoospermia and impaired semen quality.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Extracellular Events Involved in Cancer Cell-Cell Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses: Friends and Foes in Urology Clinics.International neurourology journal · 2022Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus regulates the initiation and progression of cancers (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are 'fossil viruses' that resulted from stable integrations of exogenous retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs are defective and do not produce infectious viral particles. However, some HERVs retain a limited coding capacity and produce retroviral transcripts and proteins, which function in human developmental process and various pathologies, including many cancers and neurological diseases. Recently, it has been reported that HERVs are differently expressed in COVID-19 disease caused by infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we discuss the molecular structure and function of HERV ENV proteins, particularly syncytins, and their conventional roles in human development and diseases, and potential involvement in COVID-19 regarding the newly reported mental symptoms. We also address COVID-19 vaccine-related infertility concerns arising from the similarity of syncytin with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, which have been proved invalid.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.