ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Pulmonary Immune Dysregulation and Viral Persistence During HIV Infection.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccination among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among People With HIV in Yunnan Province, China: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study (2004-2024).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Continuous antiretroviral therapy induces progressive senescence-like reprogramming of alveolar macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- scRNA sequencing revealed HIV-associated inflammation-mediated lung epithelial dysregulation and fibroblast remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- HIV impairs and exploits pulmonary Th17 and Th22 cell-mediated immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Persistent pneumococcal colonisation in antiretroviral-treated HIV infection is associated with nasal inflammation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pioglitazone Modulates p65-Mediated Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Implications for Acetaldehyde-Induced HIV Replication in Alveolar Macrophages.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- The State of the Science on Chronic Comorbidities and Aging in Children and Adolescents with perinatally-acquired HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of PD-1 Inhibitors in HIV Patients Diagnosed with Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Kaposi's Sarcoma: A Non-Communicable Outcome Mainly Prompted by Communicable Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Next-Generation Lipid Prodrugs Orally Deliver Tenofovir via Enhanced Chylomicron Incorporation.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 antibody prevalence in adults with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Epigenetic modifications and immune responses in HIV-infected infants: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Therapeutic efficacy of albuvirtide-based antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV who have low-level viremia and non-AIDS-defining malignancies: two case reports.Retrovirology · 2025Article
- MGL/CLEC10A is an important C-type lectin receptor activated in the innate immune response toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The impact of tobacco smoking and smoking cessation on lung cancer and stroke incidence among people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: a simulation modeling study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Safety and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in people with HIV infection and cancer: insights from the national prospective real-world OncoVIHAC ANRS CO24 cohort study.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Observational
- Dynamics of pulmonary mucosal cytotoxic CD8 T-cells in people living with HIV under suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Respiratory research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV continue to suffer from high burdens of respiratory infections, lung cancers and chronic lung disease at a higher rate than the general population. The lung mucosa, a previously neglected HIV reservoir site, is of particular importance in this phenomenon. Because ART does not eliminate the virus, residual levels of HIV that remain in deep tissues lead to chronic immune activation and pulmonary inflammatory pathologies. In turn, continuous pulmonary and systemic inflammation cause immune cell exhaustion and pulmonary immune dysregulation, creating a pro-inflammatory environment ideal for HIV reservoir persistence. Moreover, smoking, gut and lung dysbiosis and co-infections further fuel the vicious cycle of residual viral replication which, in turn, contributes to inflammation and immune cell proliferation, further maintaining the HIV reservoir. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence supporting the notion that the lungs serve as an HIV viral reservoir. We will explore how smoking, changes in the microbiome, and common co-infections seen in PLWH contribute to HIV persistence, pulmonary immune dysregulation, and high rates of infectious and non-infectious lung disease among these individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.