ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2021
Estimating the Postmortem Interval of Carcasses in the Water Using the Carrion Insect, Brain Tissue RNA, Bacterial Biofilm, and Algae.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential Role of mRNA in Estimating Postmortem Interval: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Postmortem submergence interval (PMSI) and human decomposition in anthropogenically constructed aqueous environments (pools, bathtubs, hot tubs, and spas).Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular biology research progress in post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation in forensic medicine.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiota signature of the lung as the promising bioindicator for drowning diagnosis and postmortem submersion interval estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- UPLC/Q-TOF MS-based femoral muscle metabolomic analysis under high-temperature: a proof of concept for postmortem interval estimation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Advances in artificial intelligence-based microbiome for PMI estimation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The accurate estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in the investigation of homicide cases. Unlike carcasses on land, various biological and abiotic factors affect the decomposition of carcasses in water. In addition, the insect evidence (e.g., blow flies) that is commonly used to estimate the PMI are unavailable before the carcasses float on water. Therefore, it is difficult to estimate the PMI of a carcass in water. This study aimed to explore an effective way of estimating the PMI of a carcass in water. Carrion insects, brain tissue RNA, bacterial biofilm on the skin surface, and algae in water with PMI were studied using 45 rat carcasses in a small river. The results showed that carrion insects might not be suitable for the estimation of PMI of a carcass in water since they do not have a regular succession pattern as a carcass on land, and the flies only colonized six of the carcasses. The target genes (β-actin, GAPDH, and 18S) in the brain tissue were associated with the PMI in a time-dependent manner within 1 week after death. A polynomial regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the gene expression profiles and PMI. The correlation coefficient
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Registered trials
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