Observational studyEye (London, England)2023
Association of anthropometric parameters as a risk factor for development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Observational study in Eye (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- General obesity index or central obesity indicators: which is a better predictor of body fat percentage in the first trimester?BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Body Fat Percentage, Anthropometric Measurements, and Diabetes Complications in Female Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting intra-abdominal hypertension using anthropometric measurements and machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Type 2 diabetes: is obesity for diabetic retinopathy good or bad? A cross-sectional study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo study the relationship of body fat distribution in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and its long-term complications like diabetic retinopathy (DR), in Indian population.
methodsThis was a prospective, cross-sectional observational study involving 1773 subjects diagnosed with DM and 1778 age and gender-matched individuals. The patients with DM were assessed for the presence and severity of DR. Severe non-proliferative DR and proliferative DR were categorised as sight threatening DR (STDR). Anthropometric parameters, i.e., neck circumference (NC); mid-upper arm circumference (MAC); waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); mid-thigh circumference (MTC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured using standardised technique.
resultsThe mean age was 59.33 ± 9.32 for DM group, and 66.03 ± 11.04 for non-DM group. DM group showed significantly greater NC, WC, and MTC and significantly reduced MAC and weight. HC and BMI were comparable between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation of MAC and WC (with any level of DR) and MAC, WC, and weight (for STDR); and a significant negative correlation of HC and MTC (with any level of DR) and NC, HC, MTC, and BMI (for STDR). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that WC was the single most important predictor for any level of DR and STDR.
conclusionsAssociation of body fat distribution with DM and DR appears multifactorial. However, central obesity signified by waist circumference appears to be the significant risk related to the development of DR and STDR in Indian population.
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