ArticleScientific reports2022
Topographical anatomy of the annulus of Zinn.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trochlear Nerve Palsy: A Systematic Review of Etiologies and Diagnostic Insights.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extreme Tolerance of Extraocular Muscles to Diseases and Aging: Why and How?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Unveiling the vulnerability of the human abducens nerve: insights from comparative cranial base anatomy in mammals and primates.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Acute unilateral isolated ptosis as a complication of sinusitis in a post-COVID-19 patient.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Formation and Fixation of the Annulus of Zinn and Relation With Extraocular Muscles: A Plastinated Histologic Study and Its Clinical Significance.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The anatomy and even existence of a common tendinous origin of the extraocular eye muscles, or annulus of Zinn, has widely been debated in anatomical literature. This study explored the anatomical origins of the recti muscles, their course into the orbit and the dural connections of the common tendinous origin with the skull base. Twenty orbits of ten adult human cadavers were dissected. The orbital apex and its dural connections were photographed. Histological examination of apical specimens was performed. In all cadavers, extraocular muscles were observed to have a common tendinous origin at the orbital apex, continuous with dural connections extending into the skull base. Accessory slips of the medial rectus were observed across all cadavers. Dual heads of the lateral rectus were observed in fourteen orbits of seven cadavers. The origin of the levator palpebrae superioris appeared to be contiguous with the superior rectus at the common tendinous origin in all but one cadaver. These results support the existence of a common tendinous origin of the extraocular muscles, that is continuous with the skull base dura. In addition, they support the existence of variations in orbital anatomy including dual or accessory muscle slips of the extraocular muscles.
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