ArticleScientific reports2022
Arrhythmogenic mechanisms of interleukin-6 combination with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in inflammatory diseases.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subchronic PAH Exposure Impacts Cardiac Electrophysiology of the Polar Fish, Navaga Cod (Toxics · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and ECG Repolarization Metrics: Sudden Death in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Malnutrition, cachexia and sarcopenia as susceptibility factors for cardiovascular complications in patients with cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Phenotypes in Brugada syndrome with different genotypes triggered by fever or inflammation using gene-edited iPSCs.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Interleukin-6: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Atrial Fibrillation.Current medical science · 2025Review
- Immune modulation: the key to combat SARS-CoV-2 induced myocardial injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Increased interleukin-6 levels are associated with atrioventricular conduction delay in severe COVID-19 patients.Journal of arrhythmia · 2024Article
- Obesity Arrhythmias: Role of IL-6 Trans-Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cardiac conduction diseases: understanding the molecular mechanisms to uncover targets for future treatments.Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2024Review
- Review
- Elevated Interleukin-6 Levels Are Associated With an Increased Risk of QTc Interval Prolongation in a Large Cohort of US Veterans.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Observational
- Relationship between systemic immune inflammation index and development of complete atrioventricular block in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Fir(e)ing the Rhythm: Inflammatory Cytokines and Cardiac Arrhythmias.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2023Review
- Possible additional criteria for the diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features.Obstetric medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of COVID-19 on Arrhythmia.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Review
- The Advances of Broad-Spectrum and Hot Anti-Coronavirus Drugs.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in the AV-Node of a Cardiac Conduction System-A Case Report.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases including COVID-19 are associated with a cytokine storm characterized by high interleukin-6 (IL-6) titers. In particular, while recent studies examined COVID-19 associated arrhythmic risks from cardiac injury and/or from pharmacotherapy such as the combination of azithromycin (AZM) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the role of IL-6 per se in increasing the arrhythmic risk remains poorly understood. The objective is to elucidate the electrophysiological basis of inflammation-associated arrhythmic risk in the presence of AZM and HCQ. IL-6, AZM and HCQ were concomitantly administered to guinea pigs in-vivo and in-vitro. Electrocardiograms, action potentials and ion-currents were analyzed. IL-6 alone or the combination AZM + HCQ induced mild to moderate reduction in heart rate, PR-interval and corrected QT (QTc) in-vivo and in-vitro. Notably, IL-6 alone was more potent than the combination of the two drugs in reducing heart rate, increasing PR-interval and QTc. In addition, the in-vivo or in-vitro combination of IL-6 + AZM + HCQ caused severe bradycardia, conduction abnormalities, QTc prolongation and asystole. These electrocardiographic abnormalities were attenuated in-vivo by tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor, and are due in part to the prolongation of action potential duration and selective inhibition of Na
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