Observational studyLipids in health and disease2022
High remnant cholesterol level is relevant to diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Observational study in Lipids in health and disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- The triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Remnant Cholesterol With the Retinal Capillary Plexus.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Residual cholesterol correlates with mild cognitive impairment, particularly for executive dysfunction among male individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review of Remnant Cholesterol as an Independent Atherogenic Lipoprotein in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- Multimodal retinal imaging evaluation of macular degeneration persistent disease activity animal model in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Association between remnant cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol discordance and type 2 diabetes or prediabetes: results from NHANES.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- The non-linear association between remnant cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetic patients.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Advanced serum lipoprotein and glycoprotein profiling for cardiovascular event prediction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: the LIPOCAT study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Impact of remnant cholesterol on short-term mortality in acute decompensated heart failure: cohort study evidence from Jiangxi, China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma and risk of diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- High Remnant Cholesterol is Associated with the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of a Nomogram-Based Risk Prediction Model for Diabetic Retinopathy in Elderly Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Association of remnant cholesterol with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: mediation analyses from NHANES 1999-2020.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Observational
- High remnant cholesterol as a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study of a US population.Acta diabetologica · 2024Article
- Remnant cholesterol is correlated with retinal vascular morphology and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Relationship between nailfold capillaroscopy parameters and the severity of diabetic retinopathy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Association of remnant cholesterol and newly diagnosed early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese population: A retrospective cross-sectional study.Journal of diabetes · 2024Article
- The prevention opportunities of retinopathy in diabetic patients - position paper endorsed by the Polish Lipid Association.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary oculopathy causing blindness in diabetic patients. Currently, there is increasing interest in the role of lipids in the development of diabetic retinopathy, but it remains controversial. Remnant cholesterol (RC) is an inexpensive and easily measurable lipid parameter; however, the relationship between RC and DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been elucidated. This research investigates the relevance between RC levels and DR severity while building a risk prediction model about DR.
methodsIn this single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study. Each hospitalised T2DM patient had no oral lipid-lowering drugs in the past three months, and coronary angiography showed epicardial coronary artery stenosis of less than 50% and completed seven-field stereo photographs, fluorescein fundus angiography, and optical coherence tomography detection. The RC value is calculated according to the internationally recognised formula. Binary logistic regression was used to correct confounding factors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify risk factors and assess the nomogram's diagnostic efficiency.
resultsA total of 456 T2DM patients were included in the study. The RC levels in the DR team was higher [0.74 (0.60-1.12) mmo/l vs 0.54 (0.31-0.83) mmol/l P < 0.001] in the non-DR team. After adjusting for confounding elements, RC levels are still associated with DR risk (OR = 5.623 95%CI: 2.996-10.556 P < 0.001). The ratio of DR in every stage (except mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy) and DME in the high RC level team were further increased compared to the low-level team (all P < 0.001). After ROC analysis, the overall risk of DR was predicted by a nomogram constructed for RC, diabetes duration, and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as 0.758 (95%CI 0.714-0.802 P < 0.001).
conclusionsHigh RC levels may be a potential risk factor for diabetic retinopathy, and the nomogram does better predict DR. Despite these essential findings, the limitation of this study is that it is single-centred and small sample size analysis.
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