Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35057582›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and health2022

Depression, anxiety, and stress in Korean general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hooyeon Lee, Dongwoo Choi, Jung Jae Lee

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Predictors of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Long COVID: Systematic Review of Prevalence.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
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  4. Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health: Sociodemographic Differences and the Moderating Effect of Religiosity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  8. Review
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  11. Pandemic stressors and mental health indicators in eight countries.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Hooyeon LeeDepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Dongwoo ChoiData Link & Operation Team, Cancer Data Center, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
Jung Jae LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
Catholic University of Korea · KRGwangmyeong Mental Health Welfare Center · KRNational Cancer Center · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of poor mental health in the general Korean population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

methodsThis cross-sectional, population-based, online survey-based study was conducted from November 5 to 20, 2020 and included adults aged 20-49 years in Chungnam Province, Korea. A total of 549 adults were included.

resultsIn total, 18.8% of the participants had symptoms of depression, 10.6% had symptoms of anxiety, and 5.1% had a high level of perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher levels of stress (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 8.67), anxiety (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.09 to 4.49), and depression (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.64 to 5.50) were found among never married, widowed, divorced, and separated people than among married/cohabiting/partnered participants. Participants who felt increased stress at home during the COVID-19 outbreak reported more depression (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.49 to 4.05) and anxiety (OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.31 to 4.50). Women had higher risks of anxiety (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.58) and stress (OR, 6.40; 95% CI, 2.30 to 17.85) than men. Participants with the highest household income were less likely to report symptoms of stress than those with the lowest household income (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.96).

conclusionsThe participants in this study exhibited poor mental health index scores, suggesting that some people are at risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being married was independently and significantly associated with a lower likelihood of depression, anxiety, and stress.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultAnxietyCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionFemaleHumansMalePandemicsSARS-CoV-2AnxietyCOVID-19DepressionMarital statusPandemicsStress

Identifiers

PMID35057582
PMCPMC9117093
OpenAlexW4205216858

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.