ReviewPharmaceutics2022
Topical Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment of the Eye.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Topical Treatment for Retinal Degenerative Pathologies: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- In situ bioactive nanocoating enables transocular delivery of permeable drug for dual-location intervention of ocular surface and fundus disorders.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Advanced Ophthalmic Drug Delivery in Homocystinuria Type CblC: A Translational Review of Ophthalmic Pathologies and Therapeutic Opportunities.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Nanocarrier-Mediated Non-Invasive Drug Delivery for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Advances and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Preclinical Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Novel Tivozanib Eye Drops for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Ex Vivo Evaluation of Poly(Solketal Acrylate) Nanoparticles for Intravitreal Drug Delivery to the Posterior Eye Segment.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Neuroprotection in Early Diabetic Retinal Disease Using Eyedrop Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Corneal Endothelial Progenitors for Ocular Regeneration: Translating Discovery into Clinical Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Chloramphenicol Application Onto the Eyelid: Transfersomes for Enhanced Skin Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Eye Drop Development of Anti-VEGF Therapeutics by Ocular Penetrating Carrier to the Posterior Region of the Eye.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles as therapeutic agents for retinal ganglion cell degeneration: current challenges and future prospects.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- A gel-forming antioxidant eye drop for photoreceptor protection in retinitis pigmentosa.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Core-shell nanotherapeutics for diabetic cataract and retinopathy: current state-of-the-art and translational challenges.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-based delivery of MSCs and derivatives for improved diabetic retinopathy therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Ocular Drug Delivery: Precision Drug Delivery's New Horizon.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
- A human-specificMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- From Tears to Toxins: Mapping Antibiotic Passage Through the Eye-Liver Axis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mathematical Models of Topically and Intravitreally Applied Ranibizumab.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Topical ophthalmic administration of the antiangiogenic peptide VIAN-c4551 protects against experimental diabetic macular edema.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems for Rare Ocular Diseases: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is a very complex challenge. However, topical delivery is highly desired, to achieve an easy-to-use treatment option for retinal diseases. In this review, we focus on the drug characteristics that are relevant to succeed in this challenge. An overview on the ocular barriers that need to be overcome and some relevant animal models to study ocular pharmacokinetics are given. Furthermore, a summary of substances that were able to reach the posterior segment after eye drop application is provided, as well as an outline of investigated delivery systems to improve ocular drug delivery. Some promising results of substances delivered to the retina suggest that topical treatment of retinal diseases might be possible in the future, which warrants further research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.