ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Optimised Electroporation for Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Doxorubicin.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials assessing safety and efficacy of human extracellular vesicle-based therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Pooled it
- Hit the bull's eye: Engineered extracellular vesicles for targeted therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Insights and Exosome-Based Therapeutics for Insomnia: Bridging Sleep Biology and Precision Medicine.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Exosome Biology at the Interface of Neurodegeneration and Therapeutic Innovation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Icariin-Loaded Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Protective Effect on Inflammatory Bone Defects via HIF-1α.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles in hematologic malignancies: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- The Dual Roles of Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes in Regulating Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The potential of bioengineered exosomes in regenerative medicine: a next generation therapy.Human cell · 2026Review
- Recent Progress in Exosome-Derived Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Therapy: Advances, Translational Barriers, and Scale-Up Considerations.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Engineering Strategies for Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Modification, Drug Delivery Performance, and Synergistic Effects with Gel Composite Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Review
- Biology and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle targeting and uptake.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Engineering extracellular vesicles for targeted therapeutic delivery in the heart.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Carrot extracellular nanovesicles as carotenoid carriers in an in vitro macular degeneration model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Cargo Distribution in the Exogenous Association of Proteins With Extracellular Vesicles.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanocarriers for wound treatment.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from Citrus plants: innovative applications in therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- The evolution of lipid nanoparticles: Paving the way for next-generation nucleic acid medicines.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Current trends in exosomes as therapeutic drug delivery systems.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical use of chemotherapeutics is limited by several factors, including low cellular uptake, short circulation time, and severe adverse effects. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as a drug delivery platform with the potential to overcome these limitations. EVs are cell-derived, lipid bilayer nanoparticles, important for intercellular communication. They can transport bioactive cargo throughout the body, surmount biological barriers, and target a variety of tissues. Several small molecule drugs have been successfully incorporated into the lumen of EVs, permitting efficient transport to tumour tissue, increasing therapeutic potency, and reducing adverse effects. However, the cargo loading is often inadequate and refined methods are a prerequisite for successful utilisation of the platform. By systematically evaluating the effect of altered loading parameters for electroporation, such as total number of EVs, drug to EV ratio, buffers, pulse capacitance, and field strength, we were able to distinguish tendencies and correlations. This allowed us to design an optimised electroporation protocol for loading EVs with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The loading technique demonstrated improved cargo loading and EV recovery, as well as drug potency, with a 190-fold increased response compared to naked doxorubicin.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.