ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Extracellular Vesicle Delivery of Neferine for the Attenuation of Neurodegenerative Disease Proteins and Motor Deficit in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model.
Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural compounds as multitarget agents in Alzheimer's diseases: evidence fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Advances in nano-TCM for Alzheimer's disease: lipid-based carriers integrated with innovative delivery strategies.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Biomaterial Engineering for Spatiotemporal Regulation of Exosome Functions: From Design Principles to Key Applications in Regenerative Medicine.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-based neural engineering for skin wound healing.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Running out the clock: Circadian rhythm dysfunction in cognitive disease.International review of neurobiology · 2026Review
- PCSK9-Mediated Inflammation in Foam Cell Formation and Exploring the Biologically Active Compounds Derived From Natural Resources.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring Autophagy Inducing Molecules: Targeting Diverse Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease Management.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- The role of exosomes in brain tumors: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and therapeutic prospects.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- The biological roles of exosome-encapsulated traditional Chinese medicine monomers in neuronal disorders.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- Plant-derived nanovesicles: Promising therapeutics and drug delivery nanoplatforms for brain disorders.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Anxiety and Depression: Triggers for Cognitive Loss, Alzheimer's Disease, and Neurodegeneration.Current neurovascular research · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles as precision therapeutics for psychiatric conditions: targeting interactions among neuronal, glial, and immune networks.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Injury.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Review
- Pharmacological overview of hederagenin and its derivatives.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Review
- Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Small extracellular vesicles: a novel drug delivery system for neurodegenerative disorders.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which are secreted by the cell. With their role in drug cargo loading, exosomes have been applied to carry compounds across the blood-brain barrier in order to target the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, high-purity exosomes isolated by the ultra-high-speed separation method were applied as the natural compound carrier, with the loading efficiency confirmed by UHPLC-MS analysis. Through the optimization of various cargo loading methods using exosomes, this study compared the efficiency of different ways for the separation of exosomes and the exosome encapsulation of natural compounds with increasing molecular weights via extensive in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies. In a pharmacokinetic study, our data suggested that the efficiency of compound's loading into exosomes is positively correlated to its molecular weight. However, with a molecular weight of greater than 1109 Da, the exosome-encapsulated natural compounds were not able to pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In vitro cellular models confirmed that three of the selected exosome-encapsulated natural compounds-baicalin, hederagenin and neferine-could reduce the level of neurodegenerative disease mutant proteins-including huntingtin 74 (HTT74), P301L tau and A53T α-synuclein (A53T α-syn)-more effectively than the compounds alone. With the traditional pharmacological role of the herbal plant
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.